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| 5600669884 | Mitosis | Cell division that produces normal cells, produces two identical daughter cells. | 0 | |
| 5600669885 | Meiosis | Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms, produces four identical daughter cells. | 1 | |
| 5600669887 | Centrioles | In animal cells, a pair of centrioles organize microtubules into spindle fibers. These guide chromosomes in mitosis. | 2 | |
| 5600669888 | IPMAT | Pneumonic device to remember the stages and order of cell division: Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase. | 3 | |
| 5600669889 | Interphase | 90% of the cell cycle. The cell does its "everyday job": RNA is produced, proteins are synthesized. The cell is preparing for duplication -- it is ready whenever it is triggered. |  | 4 |
| 5600669891 | G1 Phase | Initiated by a signal to divide. 1st growth period of the cell. Cell does its "everyday job." Cell grows, preparing for division. | 5 | |
| 5600669892 | S Phase | DNA Synthesis. The cell copies chromosomes. | 6 | |
| 5600669893 | Chromatin | The DNA-Protein complex formed when DNA molecules wrap around histone proteins. | 7 | |
| 5600669894 | Chromosomes | A doubled rod of condensed chromatin; contains DNA that carries genetic information. |  | 8 |
| 5623551779 | 4N | Tretaploid, four copies of each chromosome, a cell ready for division | 9 | |
| 5600669895 | Centromeres | Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached. | 10 | |
| 5600669896 | Sister Chromatids | Replicated forms of a chromosome joined together by the centromere and eventually separated during mitosis. |  | 11 |
| 5600669897 | Homologous Chromosomes | Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis. Code for the same gene, but may have different alleles. |  | 12 |
| 5600669898 | G2 Phase | The cell prepares for division. Cell grows even more. Produces more organelles, proteins, and membranes. | 13 | |
| 5600669901 | Prophase | Chromatin condenses. Centrioles move to opposite poles of cell. Protein fibers cross cell to form mitotic spindle. Nuclear membrane breaks down. |  | 14 |
| 5600669903 | Prometaphase | Transition to metaphase. Spindle fibers attach to centromeres. Microtubules attach at kinetochores. Chromosomes begin moving. | 15 | |
| 5600669904 | Kinetochores | Attachments between the microtubules and sister chromatids. | 16 | |
| 5623413613 | spindle | fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes during mitosis | 17 | |
| 5600669906 | Metaphase | Chromosomes align along middle of cell, ensuring chromosomes separate properly. |  | 18 |
| 5600669907 | Metaphase Plate | Plane midway between the two poles of the cell where chromosomes line up during metaphase. |  | 19 |
| 5600669909 | Anaphase | Sister chromatids separate at kinetochores. Poles move farther apart. |  | 20 |
| 5600669912 | Chromosome Movement | Kinetochores use motor proteins that "walk" chromosomes along attached microtubule. Microtubule shortens by dismantling at kinetochore. | 21 | |
| 5600669913 | Telophase | Chromosomes arrive at opposite poles. Spindle fibers disperse. Cytokinesis begins. | 22 | |
| 5600669915 | Cytokinesis in Plants | A cell plate forms between the divided nuclei that develops into cell membranes. A cell wall then forms in between the two new membranes | 23 | |
| 5600669916 | Cytokinesis in Animals | Constriction belt of actin microfilaments around equator of cell. Cleavage furrow forms. Splits cell in two, like tightening a draw string. |  | 24 |
| 5600669917 | Cleavage Furrow | The first sign of cleavage in an animal cell; a shallow groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate. |  | 25 |
| 5600669918 | Cytokinesis in Plants | Cell plate forms from vesicles lining up at the equator. They proceed to fuse and form two cell membranes. A new cell wall is laid between membranes. The new cell wall fuses with the existing cell wall. |  | 26 |
| 5600669919 | Evolution of Mitosis | In, eukaryotes likely evolved from binary fission in bacteria (single circular chromosome with no membrane bound organelles). |  | 27 |
| 5600684204 | Cancer | A collection of related diseases in which cells divide uncontrollably | 28 | |
| 5600694557 | G1 checkpoint | At the end of G1 phase, if cell is not ready to divide it may arrest here (G0 phase - nerve and muscle cells remain here, rarely divide after maturing) and never proceed or wait until it is ready. |  | 29 |
| 5600718816 | S checkpoint | DNA damage checkpoint: DNA recplication halted if genome is damage | | 30 |
| 5623281786 | cyclin | one of a family of proteins that regulates the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells |  | 31 |
| 5623325630 | gamete | A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote. |  | 32 |
| 5623327866 | zygote | A fertilized egg | 33 | |
| 5623382762 | binary fission | A form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size | 34 | |
| 5623400924 | budding | Asexual reproduction in which a part of the parent organism pinches off and forms a new organism |  | 35 |
| 5623418992 | parthenogenesis | Asexual reproduction in which females produce offspring from unfertilized eggs. No males involved. | 36 | |
| 5623430112 | chiasmata | The microscopically visible site where crossing over has occurred between chromatids of homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis. |  | 37 |
| 5623439972 | crossing over | Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis. | 38 | |
| 5623444913 | point of sexual reproduction | increase variation in offspring, increase diversity in a population | 39 | |
| 5623459992 | DNA replication | DNA unzips into two parts and splits with the cell. In it's new home each side of the DNA strand attack to matching nucleotides to create 2 exact copies. It is important in puberty and other times of growth as it is the reproducing of your cells. | 40 | |
| 5623463642 | DNA Polymerase III | An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of a DNA strand in the 5' → 3' direction. | 41 | |
| 5623471741 | DNA Ligase | A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 3' end of a new DNA fragment to the 5' end of a growing chain. | 42 | |
| 5623474700 | DNA Helicase | An enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix during DNA replication | 43 | |
| 5623484965 | semi-conservative replication | in each new DNA double helix, one strand is from the original molecule, and one strand is new |  | 44 |
| 5623492812 | Meselson and Stahl experiment | Cultured bacteria in a medium containing heavy Nitrogen (15N) then moved them to a medium containing light Nitrogen (14N). Here they allowed the bacteria to replicate and divide once. The new strands possessed one heavy strand and one light strand. | 45 | |
| 5623505320 | Okazaki fragments | Small fragments of DNA produced on the lagging strand during DNA replication, joined later by DNA ligase to form a complete strand. |  | 46 |
| 5623509230 | leading strand | the new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' --> 3' direction | | 47 |
| 5623511343 | lagging strand | The newly forming daughter strand of DNA that is replicated in a discontinuous fashion, via Okazaki fragments that will ultimately be ligated together; the daugther strand that is replicated in the opposite direction that parallel DNA is unwinding | | 48 |
| 5623519280 | RNA Primase | An enzyme that creates an single stranded RNA primer, which serves as a starting point for DNA replication. | 49 |
