Terms : Hide Images
| 9771389034 | endergonic reaction | reaction where energy is stored in chemical bonds |  | 0 |
| 9771389035 | exergonic reaction | reaction where energy is released from chemical bonds |  | 1 |
| 9771389036 | Prokaryotic Cells | Bacteria; no nucleus or organelles |  | 2 |
| 9771389037 | Eukaryotic cells | complex; have organelles |  | 3 |
| 9771389038 | Ribosome | 2 subunits of rRNA; responsible for protein synthesis |  | 4 |
| 9771389039 | Golgi Body | Part of the endomembrane system; cis face receives materials, so that they can be modified and packaged; trans face releases vesicles |  | 5 |
| 9771389040 | Rough ER | aids in protein synthesis by altering the structure of proteins; contains ribosomes |  | 6 |
| 9771389041 | Smooth ER | site of lipid synthesis; involved in detoxification of cells |  | 7 |
| 9771389042 | Vacuoles | storage vesicles found within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells |  | 8 |
| 9771389043 | Central Vacuole | When filled with water it maintains turgor pressure of plant cells; not found in animal cells |  | 9 |
| 9771389044 | Chloroplast | site of photosynthesis; only in plant cells; appear green due to the pigment chlorophyll which reflects green light |  | 10 |
| 9771389045 | mitochondria | found in BOTH plant and animal cells; site of cellular respiration whereby ATP is made |  | 11 |
| 9771389046 | lysosome | a vesicle that contains digestive enzymes to break down cellular food and/or waste |  | 12 |
| 9771389047 | nucleus | home of the genetic information (DNA) | 13 | |
| 9771389048 | nucleolus | site of ribosome synthesis; found in the center of the nucleus |  | 14 |
| 9771389049 | chromatin | the form in which DNA is found within the nucleus during the majority of the cell cycle |  | 15 |
| 9771389050 | nuclear envelope | surrounds the nucleus and contains pores to allow for communication with the rest of the cell, as well as, allowing for ribosomes to exit the nucleolus |  | 16 |
| 9771389051 | animals, plants, fungi, protista | eukaryotic | 17 | |
| 9771389052 | bacteria | prokaryotic | 18 | |
| 9771389056 | cell membrane | found in ALL cell types surrounding the cytoplasm and maintaining selective permeability | 19 | |
| 9771389057 | cell wall | Found in plant, fungal, bacterial, and some prostist cells; rigid wall for protection and shape; regulates the cell's volume |  | 20 |
| 9771389058 | turgor pressure | exerted onto the cell wall in order to maintain rigid, upright, and erect plant cells and leaves (maximizing photosynthesis) | 21 | |
| 9771389059 | photosynthesis | uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen (which is given off as a byproduct) |  | 22 |
| 9771389060 | cellular respiration | conversion of glucose into ATP, water, and CO2; occurs in the mitochondria |  | 23 |
| 9771389061 | cytoskeleton | composed of protein filaments and microtubules that extend throughout the cytoplasm and allow for cellular movement and structure |  | 24 |
| 9771389062 | centrioles | small structures composed of microtubules that organize the cytoskeleton during cell division |  | 25 |
| 9771389063 | flagella | long whip-like tails that allow for cell movement; found in sperm cells |  | 26 |
| 9771389064 | cilia | short hair-like extensions of the cell membrane that wave back and forth allowing for cell movement; found within cells of the respiratory system |  | 27 |
| 9771389066 | catabolic reactions | chemical reaction whereby large molecules are broken down (ex: glycogen converted into many glucose monosaccharides) |  | 28 |
| 9771389067 | anabolic reactions | chemical reaction whereby small molecules come together (as water is removed) to build large molecules (ex: amino acids coming together to create a protein) |  | 29 |
| 9771389069 | enthalpy | the total energy within a system | 30 | |
| 9771389070 | entropy | a measure of the disorder within a system |  | 31 |
| 9771389071 | high entropy | A great amount of disorder; low available energy as it has been released from chemical bonds | 32 | |
| 9771389072 | low entropy | a large amount of stored energy; an anabolic reaction has occurred | 33 | |
| 9771389073 | osmosis | movement of water from high to low concentration through aquaporins | 34 | |
| 9771389074 | diffusion | movement of solutes from high to low concentration across the phospholipid bilayer | 35 | |
| 9771389075 | facilitated diffusion | movement of large and/or polar solutes from high to low concentration through a channel or carrier protein within the cell membrane | 36 | |
| 9771389076 | carrier protein | allow for specific molecules to bind and cross the cell membrane |  | 37 |
| 9771389077 | channel protein | a ligand attaches to its binding site, modifying its shape allowing for the diffusion of molecules across the cell membrane |  | 38 |
| 9771389080 | phospholipid tails | the non-polar region of the cell membrane | 39 | |
| 9771389081 | phospholipid heads | the polar regions of the cell membrane (facing the extracellular and intracellular areas) | 40 | |
| 9771389082 | hydrophilic | polar | 41 | |
| 9771389083 | hydrophobic | nonpolar | 42 | |
| 9771389084 | cytoplasm | gel-like matrix in which organelles are suspended |  | 43 |
| 9771389085 | organelles | contain their own phospholipid bilayers within the cell | 44 | |
| 9771389086 | passive transport | movement of molecules along or with the concentration gradient (high to low) | 45 | |
| 9771389087 | active transport | movement of molecules against the concentration gradient (low to high) | 46 | |
| 9771389088 | endocytosis | a vesicle forms along the cell membrane and pinches off within the cell - allowing for substances to enter | 47 | |
| 9771389089 | phagocytosis | large, solid molecules brought into the cell via cell membrane pockets (called vesicles) |  | 48 |
| 9771389090 | pinocytosis | small, liquid molecules brought into the cell via cell membrane pockets (called vesicles) |  | 49 |
| 9771389091 | receptor-mediated endocytosis | receptors along the surface of the cell membrane allow for the binding of specific molecules, then causing a vesicle to form around them, bringing them into the cell |  | 50 |
| 9771389093 | Cell signaling pathway | ligand binding(Reception) - stimulation of receptor(Transduction) - cellular response |  | 51 |
| 9771389094 | Ion channels | allow movement of charged molecules to diffuse across the cell membrane following the binding of a ligand | 52 | |
| 9771389095 | ATP | Adenosine triphosphate | 53 | |
| 9771389096 | isotonic environment | solute concentrations inside and out of the cell are equal | 54 | |
| 9771389097 | hypertonic environment | solute concentration outside of the cell is higher than inside the cell | 55 | |
| 9771389098 | hypotonic environment | solute concentration outside of the cell is lower than inside the cell | 56 | |
| 9771389099 | result of a hypotonic environment | cytolysis (splitting of a cell) | 57 | |
| 9771389100 | result of a hypertonic environment | plasmolysis (release of cytoplasm; cell shrinking) | 58 | |
| 9771389101 | equilibrium | concentrations of water inside and outside of cell are equal | 59 | |
| 9771389102 | effect of a cell being in equilibrium | water flows into and out of the cell in equal amounts | 60 | |
| 9771389103 | peripheral proteins involved in cellular recognition | glycoproteins | 61 | |
| 9771389104 | cholesterol | a lipid that helps to maintain the fluidity of the cell membrane |  | 62 |
| 9771389113 | hypertonic |  | 63 | |
| 9771389114 | hypotonic |  | 64 | |
| 9771389115 | isotonic |  | 65 |
