Terms : Hide Images
| 7422054086 | organic compound | compound containing carbon; almost all associated with life also contain hydrogen | 0 | |
| 7422117361 | macromolecules | all living things fall into classes of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid | 1 | |
| 7422120764 | electron configuration | determines number and type of bonds; key to atom's chemical characteristics | 2 | |
| 7422143804 | valence | equals number of unpaired electrons in valence shell; signifies number of covalent bonds an atom can form | 3 | |
| 7422159260 | hydrocarbon | organic molecular compound made only of carbon and hydrogen; undergo reactions that release lots of energy | 4 | |
| 7422195332 | isomers | compounds with same number of atoms and same elements but different structures and properties | 5 | |
| 7422215898 | structural isomers | differ in covalent arrangement of atoms, may differ in location of double bond | 6 | |
| 7422238414 | cis-trans isomer | carbons have covalent bonds to same atoms, but atoms differ in spatial arrangement due to inflexibility of double bonds; possible if 2 carbons double bonded and 2 different atoms/groups attached |  | 7 |
| 7422262958 | enantiomer | isomers are mirror images of each other, differ in shape due to asymmetric carbon (carbon with 4 single bonds) |  | 8 |
| 7422279712 | functional groups | chemical groups affect molecular function by being directly involved in chemical reaction | 9 | |
| 7422284656 | hydroxyl group | alcohol |  | 10 |
| 7422308407 | carbonyl group | ketone or aldehyde |  | 11 |
| 7422391403 | carboxyl group | organic acid/carboxylic acid |  | 12 |
| 7422398347 | amino group | amine |  | 13 |
| 7422404908 | adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | complicated organic phosphate, important function in cell; ATP reacts with H2O --> ADP + inorganic phosphate + energy | 14 | |
| 7422444265 | polymer | long molecule made of repeating blocks linked covalently (forms: carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acid) | 15 | |
| 7422454200 | monomers | repeated units in polymers | 16 | |
| 7422456207 | enzymes | specialized macromolecules (proteins), speed up chemical reactions | 17 | |
| 7422464532 | dehydration reaction | monomers connected covalently in reaction with loss of H2O molecule (one monomer provides hydroxyl group, other provides hydrogen) | 18 | |
| 7422476973 | hydrolysis | breaks polymers into monomers; reverse dehydration reaction reaction (example: digestion) | 19 | |
| 7422481730 | carbohydrates | sugars and polymers of sugars | 20 | |
| 7422486977 | monosaccharides | simple sugars; formula is multiple of CH2O; has carbonyl group and multiple hydroxyl groups (example: glucose) | 21 | |
| 7422501027 | disaccharides | 2 monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkage (example: sucrose) | 22 | |
| 7422507054 | glycosidic linkage | covalent bond between monosaccharides by dehydration reaction | 23 | |
| 7422514204 | polysaccharides | macromolecules/polymers with hundreds or thousands of monosaccharides linked glycosidic linkage | 24 | |
| 7422520868 | storage polysaccharides | store sugars for later use -- plants store starch, animals store glycogen (polymer of glucose) | 25 | |
| 7422526948 | cellulose | polysaccharide in cell walls, grouped in units called microfibrils, polymer of glucose but never branched | 26 | |
| 7422535382 | chitin | polysaccharide used to make exoskeletons of arthropods | 27 | |
| 7422546378 | lipids | doesn't include true polymers; don't mix with water (hydrophobic) because mostly made of hydrocarbons, which are nonpolar | 28 | |
| 7422565901 | types of lipids | fats, phospholipids, steroids | 29 | |
| 7422568135 | fats | constructed from glycerol and fatty acids, assembled by dehydration reactions (although not polymers) | 30 | |
| 7422580737 | fatty acids | long carbon skeleton with carboxyl group and hydrocarbon chain | 31 | |
| 7422604093 | triacylglycerol | fat made of 3 fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule by ester linkage | 32 | |
| 7422632637 | saturated fats | all single bonds maximum number of hydrogen; solid (butter, lard) | 33 | |
| 7422637473 | unsaturated fats | has at least one double bond, made of unsaturated fatty acids; liquid (oil from plants and animals) | 34 | |
| 7422651758 | trans fats | unsaturated fats with trans double bonds produced when unsaturated fats are synthetically converted into saturated fats | 35 | |
| 7422659994 | phospholipids | 2 fatty acids attached to glycerol; makeup cell membranes -- hydrocarbon tails are hydrophobic, while head is hydrophillic --> causes lipid bilayer formation | 36 | |
| 7422783711 | catalysts | chemical agents that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in reactions | 37 | |
| 7422793157 | beta pleated sheet | 2 or more segments of polypeptide chain lying side by side connected by H bonds between parts of 2 parallel segments of backbone | 38 | |
| 7422809992 | hydrophobic interaction | amino acids with hydrophobic side chains end up in core of protein | 39 | |
| 7422817537 | disulfide bridges | covalent bonds caused when 2 monomers with -SH group are close and S-S forms altering protein shape | 40 | |
| 7422825920 | X-ray crystallography | most common way to determine 3-D shape of a protein, uses x-ray diffraction of atoms | 41 | |
| 7422843575 | gene | consists of DNA (nucleic acid); unit of inheritance | 42 | |
| 7422854299 | nucleoside | portion of nucleotide without phosphate group | 43 | |
| 7422859556 | pyrimidine | (type of nitrogenous base), one 6 carbon ring of carbon and a nitrogen atom (cytosine, thymine, and uracil) | 44 | |
| 7422867178 | purine | (type of nitrogenous base) 6-member ring fused to a 5-member ring; larger (adenine, guanine) | 45 | |
| 7422877320 | deoxyribose | sugar in DNA, lacks oxygen atom on second carbon | 46 | |
| 7422882209 | ribose | sugar in RNA | 47 | |
| 7422892225 | 5' end | refers to end of polymer attached to 5' carbon and phosphate | 48 | |
| 7422903124 | Are RNA molecules single strand or double strand? | single strand, but base pairing can occur between regions of RNA in same molecule (A+U, no T) | 49 | |
| 7422910016 | genomics | analyzing large sets of genes or comparing genomes of species | 50 |
