McAuley AP Biology ch. 6
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| 1116327130 | lungs | In humans, oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with the atmosphere via the _____. | 1 | |
| 1116327131 | carbon dioxide | In an experiment, mice were fed glucose (C6H12O6) containing a small amount of radioactive oxygen. The mice were closely monitored, and in a few minutes radioactive oxygen atoms showed up in _____. | 2 | |
| 1116327132 | extract usable energy from glucose | The function of cellular respiration is to _____. | 3 | |
| 1116327133 | 420 kcal | How many kilocalories are captured in ATP from 1.5 moles of glucose? | 4 | |
| 1116327134 | nucleotides | The principal molecules involved in transporting electrons to the electron transport chain are composed of _____. | 5 | |
| 1116327135 | loses an electron | A molecule is oxidized when it _____. | 6 | |
| 1116327136 | Electrons pass from one carrier to another, releasing a little energy at each step | Which of the following best describes the electron transport chain? | 7 | |
| 1116327137 | plasma membrane | Bacteria have no membrane-enclosed organelles. However, some still generate ATP through cellular respiration. Where is the electron transport chain found in these organisms? | 8 | |
| 1116327138 | in the cytoplasmic fluid | Where does glycolysis occur in a eukaryotic cell? | 9 | |
| 1116327139 | the mitochondrion | Where do the reactions of the citric acid cycle occur in eukaryotic cells? | 10 | |
| 1116327140 | cytoplasm | Where in bacterial cells does the citric acid cycle occur? | 11 | |
| 1116327141 | glycolysis | Of the metabolic pathways listed below, the only pathway found in almost all organisms is _____. | 12 | |
| 1116327142 | by the transfer of a phosphate group from a fragment of glucose to ADP (substrate-level phosphorylation) | A small amount of ATP is made in glycolysis _____. | 13 | |
| 1116327143 | human cells also perform glycolysis; the drug might also poison them | A chemist has discovered a drug that blocks phosphoglucoisomerase, an enzyme that catalyzes the second reaction in glycolysis. He wants to use the drug to treat people with bacterial infections. However, he can't do this because _____. | 14 | |
| 1116327144 | glycolysis | What is the name of the process in which glucose is converted to pyruvate? | 15 | |
| 1116327145 | A compound called coenzyme A binds to a two-carbon fragment | In preparing pyruvate to enter the citric acid cycle, which of the following steps occurs? | 16 | |
| 1116327146 | CO2 and NADH are formed | When pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA, _____. | 17 | |
| 1116327147 | reduce NAD+ to NADH, which then delivers them to the electron transport chain | In eukaryotes, most of the high-energy electrons released from glucose by cell respiration _____. | 18 | |
| 1116327148 | the citric acid cycle | Most of the NADH that delivers high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain comes from _____. | 19 | |
| 1116327149 | Acetyl CoA binds to oxaloacetate that is restored at the end of the cycle. | Why is the citric acid cycle called a cycle? | 20 | |
| 1116327150 | 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2 | The energy production per glucose molecule through the citric acid cycle is _____. | 21 | |
| 1116327151 | formation of NADH and FADH2 | The major (but not sole) energy accomplishment of the citric acid cycle is the _____. | 22 | |
| 1116327152 | NADH | Once the citric acid cycle has been completed, most of the usable energy from the original glucose molecule is in the form of _____. | 23 | |
| 1116327153 | FAD | Which of the following serves primarily as a hydrogen-atom carrier molecule in cells? | 24 | |
| 1116327154 | It pumps H+ through a membrane. | What happens to the energy that is given up by electrons as they move through the electron transport chain? | 25 | |
| 1116327155 | the flow of H+ through a membrane | The ATP synthase in a human cell gets energy for making ATP directly from _____. | 26 | |
| 1116327156 | due to the potential energy of a concentration gradient of hydrogen ions across a membrane | What is the mechanism of action for the enzyme ATP synthase? ATP is formed _____. | 27 | |
| 1116327157 | A proton gradient is formed | In cellular respiration, which of the following is performed directly by the electron transport chain (or its components)? | 28 | |
| 1116327158 | the movement of hydrogen ions across the mitochondrial membrane | The enzyme ATP synthase catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP. In eukaryotic cells, the energy needed for this endergonic reaction is derived from _____. | 29 | |
| 1116327159 | electrons | Which of the following is the source of the energy that produces the chemiosmotic gradient in mitochondria? | 30 | |
| 1116327160 | cristae of the mitochondrion | In a eukaryotic cell, the electron transport chain is precisely located in or on the _____. | 31 | |
| 1116327161 | they run out of NAD+ and FAD | Rotenone is a poison that blocks the electron transport chain. When it does so, glycolysis and the citric acid cycle eventually halt as well. This is because _____. | 32 | |
| 1116327162 | blocks the transfer of electrons to the final electron acceptor | Carbon monoxide is a toxic gas because it directly _____. | 33 | |
| 1116327163 | chemiosmosis | Where does most of the ATP produced in cellular respiration come from? | 34 | |
| 1116327164 | the electron transport chain | Which of the following directly requires molecular oxygen (O2)? | 35 | |
| 1116327165 | at the end of electron transport chain to accept electrons and form H2O | During aerobic respiration, molecular oxygen (O2) is used _____. | 36 | |
| 1116327166 | We would not make enough ATP to meet our energy requirements | Through respiration, humans breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2. However, what would happen if we did not breathe in O2? | 37 | |
| 1116327167 | converted to heat | A single glucose molecule produces about 38 molecules of ATP through the process of cellular respiration. However, this only represents approximately 38% of the chemical energy present in this molecule. The rest of the energy from glucose is _____. | 38 | |
| 1116327168 | 40% | The overall efficiency of respiration is approximately _____. | 39 | |
| 1116327169 | 4 ATP | Substrate-level phosphorylation directly generates ATP during a chemical reaction. As a single molecule of glucose is completely oxidized, in the presence of oxygen, how many molecules of ATP are gained by substratelevel phosphorylation? | 40 | |
| 1116327170 | lactic acid | Sports physiologists at an Olympic training center want to monitor athletes to determine at what point their muscles begin to function anaerobically. They could do this by checking for a buildup of _____. | 41 | |
| 1116327171 | 2 ATP | Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, and toxic gas. Theoretically, if you were breathing carbon monoxide, how many ATP molecules could you produce from one glucose molecule? | 42 | |
| 1116327172 | NAD+ | In the absence of oxygen, cells need a way to regenerate which compound? | 43 | |
| 1116327173 | regenerate (oxidized) NAD+ | Muscle tissues make lactic acid from pyruvate so that you can _____. | 44 | |
| 1116327174 | amino groups | Besides sugars and fats, organisms can use other molecules as fuel for cellular respiration. When protein molecules are used, _____ are produced as waste. | 45 | |
| 1116327175 | twice | A gram of fat oxidized by cellular respiration produces approximately _____ as much ATP as a gram of carbohydrate. | 46 | |
| 1116327176 | glyceraldeyhyde-3-phosphate | During cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized. However, an intermediate, _____, can be siphoned off and used to synthesize fats. | 47 | |
| 1116327177 | citrate | When growing in a nutrient-rich environment, bacteria can use the provided amino acids to synthesize their proteins. However, should the environment change, they can synthesize their amino acids using _____. | 48 |
