Terms : Hide Images
| 5004955255 | Microbes | The key to scientists understanding cell signaling (yeast) | 0 | |
| 5004972401 | Signal transduction pathway | A series of steps by which a signal on a cell's surface is converted into a specific cellular response | 1 | |
| 5004977272 | Prokaryotes | The first cell signaling occurred here and was modified by Eukaryotes | 2 | |
| 5004988102 | Quorum sensing | Signaling molecules allows bacteria to detect population density | 3 | |
| 5004996059 | Autoinducers | Bacteria signals | 4 | |
| 5005001505 | Local regulators | Messenger molecules that travel only short distances in animal cells | 5 | |
| 5005005354 | Hormones | Long distance signaling in plants and animals | 6 | |
| 5005008182 | Earl W. Sutherland | He discovered how epinephrine acts on cells | 7 | |
| 5005013350 | Ligand | a signal molecule | 8 | |
| 5005015982 | Polar | Most signal molecules are | 9 | |
| 5005026655 | G proteins | The on/off switch - If GDP is bound to the G protein then the G protein is inactive | 10 | |
| 5005038280 | Receptor tyrosine kinases | Membrane receptors that attach phosphates to tyrosine | 11 | |
| 5005048853 | G protein coupled receptors | A plasma membrane receptor that works with the help of a G protein | 12 | |
| 5005055527 | 60% | What percentage of medicine works with G proteins | 13 | |
| 5005061807 | Ligand gated ion channels | A receptor that acts as a gate when the receptor changes shape (important in nerves) | 14 | |
| 5005073619 | Intracellular receptors | Receptors in the cytoplasm | 15 | |
| 5005079264 | Protein kinases | Enzymes that transfer phosphates from ATP to protein (known as phosphorylation) | 16 | |
| 5005088041 | Protein phosphates | Proteins that remove phosphates from proteins (known as dephosphorylation) | 17 | |
| 5005100957 | Second messengers | Small non-protein water soluble molecules or ions that spread throughout a cell by diffusion | 18 | |
| 5005111467 | cAMP | One of the most widely used second messengers | 19 | |
| 5005118029 | Adenylyl cyclase | An enzyme in the plasma membrane converts ATP to cAMP in response to an extracellular signal | 20 | |
| 5005125926 | Calcium (ion Ca²) | Another major secondary messenger | 21 | |
| 5005136024 | Inosital triphosphate (IP₃) and Diacylglycerol | Additional secondary messengers | 22 | |
| 5005151191 | Transcription factor | One of the final molecules that can be activated | 23 | |
| 5005157134 | Multi-step pathways (uses) | Amplifying the signal and contributing to the specificity of the responses | 24 | |
| 5005176299 | Scaffolding proteins | Large relay proteins to which other relay proteins are attached to increase the signal transduction efficiency. | 25 | |
| 5005186440 | Apoptosis | A programmed death of cells that are then chopped and packaged in vesicles to be digested by other cells | 26 | |
| 5005200134 | Blebbing | An old broken down cell that was apoptosising | 27 | |
| 5005216978 | Alzheimes and Parkinson's | Diseases related to apoptosis | 28 | |
| 5005222182 | Caspases | The main porteases that carry out apoptosis | 29 |
