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| 252891830 | evolution | Descent with modification; the idea that living species are descendants of ancestral species that were different from present-day ones; also, the genetic changes in a population from generation to generation. | |
| 252891831 | fossil | A preserved remnant or impression of an organism that lived in the past. | |
| 252891832 | adaptions | An inherited characteristic that enhances an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment. | |
| 252891833 | artificial selection | The selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to promote the occurrence of desirable traits. | |
| 252891834 | natural selection | A process in which individuals with certain inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than are individuals that do not have those traits. | |
| 252891835 | paleontologists | A scientist who studies fossils. | |
| 252891836 | fossil record | The chronicle of evolution over millions of years of geologic time engraved in the order in which fossils appear in rockstrata. | |
| 252891837 | strata | Rock layers formed when new layers of sediment cover older ones and compress them. | |
| 252891838 | biogeography | The study of the past and present distribution of organisms. | |
| 252891839 | homology | Similarity in characteristics resulting from a shared ancestry. | |
| 252891840 | homologous structures | Structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry. | |
| 252891841 | vestigal structures | A feature of an organism that is a historical remnant of a structure that served a function in the organism's ancestors. | |
| 252891842 | molecular biology | The study of the molecular basis of genes and gene expression; molecular genetics. | |
| 254833231 | evolutionary tree | A branching diagram that reflects a hypothesis about evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms. | |
| 254833232 | population | A group of individuals belonging to one species and living in the same geographic area. | |
| 254833233 | gene pool | All the alleles for all the genes in a population. | |
| 254833234 | microevolution | A change in a population's gene pool over generations. | |
| 254833235 | Hardy-Weinberg principle | The principle that frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population remain constant from generation to generation, provided that only Mendelian segregation and recombination of alleles are at work. | |
| 258770712 | genetic drift | A change in the gene pool of a population due to chance. Effects of genetic drift are most pronounced in small populations. | |
| 258770713 | bottleneck effect | Genetic drift resulting from a drastic reduction in population size. Typically, the surviving population is no longer genetically representative of the original population. | |
| 258770714 | founder effect | Genetic drift that occurs when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population and form a new population whose gene pool is not reflective of that of the original population. | |
| 258770715 | relative fitness | The contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation, relative to the contributions of other individuals in the population. | |
| 258770716 | stabalizing selection | Natural selection that favors intermediate variants by acting against extreme phenotypes. | |
| 258770717 | directional selection | Natural selection in which individuals at one end of the phenotypic range survive and reproduce more successfully than do other individuals. | |
| 258770718 | disruptive selection | Natural selection in which individuals on both extremes of a phenotypic range are favored over intermediate phenotypes. | |
| 258770719 | sexual selection | A form of natural selection in which individuals with certain inherited traits are more likely than other individuals to obtain mates. | |
| 258770720 | sexual dimorphism | Marked differences between the secondary sex characteristics of males and females. | |
| 258770721 | balancing selection | Natural selection that maintains stable frequencies of two or more phenotypic forms in a population. | |
| 258770722 | heterozygous advantage | Greater reproductive success of heterozygous individuals compared to homozygotes; tends to preserve variation in gene pools. | |
| 258770723 | frequency-dependent selection | Selection in which the fitness of aphenotype depends on how common the phenotype is in a population. | |
| 258782197 | gene flow | The transfer of alleles from one population to another as a result of the movement of individuals or their gametes. | |
| 260663231 | Carlos Linnaeus | Developed taxonomy and binomial nomenclature | |
| 260663232 | Georges Cuvier | Advocated catastrophism | |
| 260663233 | Jean-Baptiste Lemark | developed an early theory on evolution based on two principles: Use and Disuse, and Inheritance of acquired characteristics | |
| 260663234 | Embryonic homologies | comparison of early stages of animal development reveals many anatomical homologies in embryos that are not visible in adult organisms | |
| 260663235 | Convergent evolution | explains why distantly related species can resemble one another. the likenesses that result from this are called analogous | |
| 260663236 | endemic species | species found at a certain geographic area and nowhere else | |
| 260663237 | 1) No mutations 2) Random mating 3) No natural selection 4) No genetic drift 5) No gene flow | 5 principles of Hardy-Weinberg principle | |
| 260663238 | diploidy | because most eukaryotes are diploid, they are capable of hiding genetic variation (recessive alleles) from selection | |
| 260663239 | macroevolution | evolutionary change above the species level, such as the appearance of feathers and other such novelties |
