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AP Biology - Chapter 28 Flashcards

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7254695923StemVascular plant organ that consistes of alternating nodes and internodes that support the leaves and reproductive structures.0
7254695924LeavesMain photosynthetic organ of vascular plants.1
7401966170Bladethe flattened portion of a typical leaf.2
7401968420PetioleThe stalk of the leaf, joins leaf at the node of the stem.3
7401968421RootsAn organ in vascular plants that anchors the plant and enables it to absorb minerals and water through the soil.4
7401971574TaprootA main vertical root that develops from and embryonic root and gives rise to lateral roots.5
7401971575Fibrous Rootsnumerous branching roots that are about the same size and grow from a central point6
7401973966NodesA point along the stem of the plant that leaves are attached to.7
7401973967OrgansA specialized center of body function composed of several different types of tissues.8
7401976303Primary growthGrowth produced by apical meristems, lengthening stems and roots.9
7401976304Apical budBud at the tip of a plant stem. (terminal bud)10
7401978989Axillary budsStructure that has the potential to form a lateral shoot or branch. Appears between the angle of a leaf and stem.11
7401978990Dermal tissuethe outer protective layer covering plants.12
7401982732Vascular tissuePlant tissue consisting of cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body.13
7401982733Ground tissuePlant tissues that are neither vascular or dermal, and have a variety of functions, ex. storage, photosynthesis and support14
7401985232Parenchyma cellsA relatively unspecialized cell that carries out most of the metabolism, synthesizes and stores organic products, and develops into a more differentiated cell type.15
7401985233Collenchyma cellsFlexible plant cell type that occurs in strands or cylinders that support young parts of the plants without restraining growth16
7401995998Sclerenchyma cellsA rigid, supportive cell usually lacking a protoplast and possessing thick secondary walls strengthened by lignin at maturity.17
7402000635TracheidsA long tapered water-conducting cell found in the xylem of nearly all vascular plants.18
7402000636Vessel elementsShort, wide, water conducting tube found in the xylem of most angiosperms and a few nonflowering vascular plants. Dead at maturity, aligned end to end to for vessels.19
7402003914Sieve-tube elementsA living cell that conducts sugars and other organic nutrients in the phloem of angiosperms, called a sieve-tube member where they connect end to end to form the sieve-tubes.20
7402007473Apical meristemsPlant tissue on the tips of buds and root and shoots. Dividing cells that enable the plant to grow in length21
7402007474Root capA cone of cells at the tip of the plant root that protects the apical meristem.22
7402033587InternodeA segment of a plant stem between the points where leaves are attached.23
7402033588Vascular cambiumA cylinder of meristematic tissue in woody plants that adds layers of secondary vascular tissue called secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem.24
7402062306Secondary growthGrowth produced by lateral meristems, thickening the roots and shoots of woody plants.25
7402062307Cork cambiumCylinder of meristematic tissue in woody plants that replaces the epidermis with thicker and tougher cork cells.26
7402036894PeridermThe protective coat that replaces the epidermis in woody plants during secondary growth, formed from the cork and cork cambium.27
7402036895BarkTissues outside the vascular cambium, consists mainly of secondary phloem and layers of periderm.28
7402043765Meristematic tissuePlant tissues that remains embryonic as long as the plant lives. Allows indeterminate growth29

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