Terms : Hide Images
| 2029042618 | compound | a substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio | 0 | |
| 2029042619 | trace elements | elements required by an organism only in minute quantities | 1 | |
| 2029042620 | atomic number | number of protons | 2 | |
| 2029042621 | atomic mass | number of combined neutrons and protons | 3 | |
| 2029042622 | isotope | different atomic forms of an element (different number of neutrons) | 4 | |
| 2029042623 | valence electrons | the electrons in the outermost shell | 5 | |
| 2029042624 | covalent bond | sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms | 6 | |
| 2029042625 | electronegativity | how much an atom wants electrons | 7 | |
| 2029042626 | nonpolar covalent bond | bond with electrons shared equally | 8 | |
| 2029042627 | polar covalent bond | bond with one atom more electronegative than the other | 9 | |
| 2029042628 | cation | positively charged ion | 10 | |
| 2029042629 | anion | negatively charged ion | 11 | |
| 2029042630 | ionic bond | a chemical bond resulting from the attraction of two oppositely charged ions | 12 | |
| 2029042631 | hydrogen bond | a weak bond formed when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to another atom is also attracted to another atom (normally O or N) | 13 | |
| 2029042632 | polar molecule | two ends of a molecule have opposite charges | 14 | |
| 2029042633 | cohesion | hydrogen bonds holding a substance together | 15 | |
| 2029042634 | adhesion | clinging of one substance to another | 16 | |
| 2029042635 | surface tension | a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid | 17 | |
| 2029042636 | specific heat | the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for one gram of that substance to change its temperature by one degree C | 18 | |
| 2029042637 | heat of vaporization | the quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for one gram of it to be converted from the liquid to the gaseous state | 19 | |
| 2029042638 | evaporative cooling | as liquid evaporates, the surface of the liquid that remains behind cools down | 20 | |
| 2029042639 | hydrogen ion | a single proton with a charge of 1+. The dissociation of a water molecule leads to the generation of a hydroxide ion (OH-) and hydrogen ion (H+) | 21 | |
| 2029042640 | base | a substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration | 22 | |
| 2029042641 | acid | a substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration | 23 | |
| 2029042642 | buffers | substances that minimize changes in the concentrations of H+ and OH- in a solution | 24 | |
| 2029042643 | organic chemistry | the study of carbon compounds | 25 | |
| 2029042644 | hydrocarbons | organic molecules consisting only of hydrogen and carbon | 26 | |
| 2029042645 | isomers | compounds that have the same numbers of atoms of the same elements but different structures and hence different properties | 27 | |
| 2029042646 | structural isomers | isomers differing in the covalent arrangement of their atoms | 28 | |
| 2029042647 | geometric isomers | isomers with the same covalent partnerships, but different spatial arrangements | 29 | |
| 2029042648 | enantiomers | isomers that are mirror images of each other | 30 | |
| 2029042649 | hydroxyl group | hydrogen atom is bonded to an oxygen atom which is bonded to the carbon skeleton (-OH) | 31 | |
| 2029042650 | properties of hydroxyl group | polar and can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, helping to dissolve organic compounds | 32 | |
| 2029042651 | carbonyl | a carbon atom joined to an oxygen atom by a double bond (>CO) | 33 | |
| 2029042652 | properties of carbonyl group | ketones and aldehydes may be isomers, and is polar | 34 | |
| 2029042653 | carboxyl | a hydroxyl attached to a carbon which is also double bonded to an oxygen and bonded to the carbon skeleton | 35 | |
| 2029042654 | properties of carboxyl | acidic, found in cells in the ionized form with a charge of 1- | 36 | |
| 2029042655 | amino | a nitrogen bonded to two hydrogens and the carbon skeleton | 37 | |
| 2029042656 | properties of amino | a base, ionized with a charge of 1+ under cellular conditions | 38 | |
| 2029042657 | sulfhydryl | a sulfur atom bonded with a hydrogen | 39 | |
| 2029042658 | properties of sulfhydryl | polar, may help stabilize protein structure | 40 | |
| 2029042659 | phosphate | phosphorous double bonds with one oxygen, single bonds with two negative charged oxygens, and one bond with an oxygen attached to the carbon skeleton | 41 | |
| 2029042660 | properties of phosphate | acidic, has potential to react with water and release energy | 42 | |
| 2029042661 | methyl | carbon bonded with three hydrogen atoms and then attached to something else | 43 | |
| 2029042662 | properties of methyl | affects expression of genes, arrangement in sex hormones affects shape and function | 44 | |
| 2029042663 | ATP | a form of phosphate that provides the cell with energy | 45 | |
| 2036434862 | polymer | a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds | 46 | |
| 2036437778 | monomer | building blocks of polymers | 47 | |
| 2036439058 | condensation reaction | two molecules covalently bond to each other through loss of a water molecule | 48 | |
| 2036441476 | enzymes | specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions in cells | 49 | |
| 2036444620 | carbohydrates | sugars and polymers of sugars | 50 | |
| 2036445923 | monosaccharides | single sugars (ex: glucose) that are multiples of unit CH2O | 51 | |
| 2036451087 | disaccharide | two monosaccharides joined together by a glycosidic linkage | 52 | |
| 2036453704 | polysaccharides | polymers with many monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkages | 53 | |
| 2036463513 | starch | a storage carbohydrate for plants that is a polymer of glucose | 54 | |
| 2036467481 | glycogen | a storage carbohydrate for animals that is a polymer of glucose | 55 | |
| 2036472168 | lipids | a group of compounds that mixes poorly, if ever, with water | 56 | |
| 2036477658 | fat | a lipid that is constructed from glycerol and fatty acids | 57 | |
| 2036490150 | saturated fatty acid | a fatty acid with no double bonds between carbon, solid at room temperature | 58 | |
| 2036499445 | unsaturated fatty acid | a fatty acid with one or more double bonds between carbons, a kink in its tail, and liquid at room temperature | 59 | |
| 2036504219 | phospholipids | a lipid made up of glycerol joined to two fatty acids and a phosphate group. It has hydrophobic tails and a hydrophilic head. They form bilayers that function as biological membranes | 60 | |
| 2036519189 | steroids | lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings that are parts of hormones | 61 | |
| 2036525239 | polypeptides | polymers of amino acids | 62 | |
| 2036530090 | protein | a functional biological molecule consisting of one or more polypeptides folded and coiled into a specific three-dimensional structure | 63 | |
| 2036534598 | amino acids | organic molecules possessing both carboxyl and amino groups | 64 | |
| 2036536903 | peptide bonds | a covalent bond between two amino acids formed by a dehydration reaction | 65 | |
| 2036540995 | primary structure | the level of protein structure referring to the specific sequence of amino acids | 66 | |
| 2036545023 | secondary structure | The localized, repetitive coiling or folding of the polypeptide backbone of a protein due to hydrogen bond formation between constituents of the backbone | 67 | |
| 2036551389 | tertiary structure | irregular contortions of a protein molecule due to interactions of side chains | 68 | |
| 2036556662 | quaternary structure | the particular shape of a complex, aggregate protein, defined by the characteristic three-dimensional arrangement of its constituent subunits, each a polypeptide | 69 | |
| 2036562225 | denaturation | In proteins, a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native shape, thereby becoming biologically inactive. Denaturation occurs under extreme (noncellular) conditions of pH, salt concentration, and temperature | 70 | |
| 2036576946 | nucleic acids | a polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and, through the actions of proteins, for all cellular activities. | 71 | |
| 2036581562 | nucleotides | a monomer composed of a nitrogenous base, pentose, and a phosphate group | 72 | |
| 2036586795 | pyrimidine | the group that cytosine, thiamine, and uracil belong to | 73 | |
| 2036590976 | purine | the group that guanine and adenine belong to | 74 |
