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Ap Biology Chapter 2 Flashcards

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4745024289BiologyA multidisciplinary science0
4745027086ElementA substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions1
4745029221Compounda substance consisting of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio2
4745034771C.O.H.NCarbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen make up 96% of living matter3
4745038067Salts (Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, and Sulfur)The remaining 4% is comprised of these4
4745043178Trace elementsElements that are required by an organism but only in trace amounts5
4745046255DaltonsThe measurement of Neutron mass and Proton mass6
4745049215Atomic numberThe number of Protons/Electrons7
4745053979Mass numberThe sum of the Protons and Neutrons8
4745056686Atomic massThe atom's total mass (can be approximated by the mass number)9
4745060518IsotopesTwo atoms of an element that differ in the number of electrons10
4745063508Radioactive IsotopesDecay spontaneously, giving off particles and energy11
4745067516Applications of radioactive isotopesDating fossils, Tracing atoms through metabolic processes, and Diagnosing medical disorders12
4745069679EnergyThe capacity to cause change13
4745070403Potential energyThe energy that matter has because of its location or structure14
4745074899Electrons of an atomdiffer in the amounts of potential energy15
4745076503Electron shell/energy levelan electrons state of potential energy depends on16
4745085281Chemical behaviorthe distribution of electrons in electron shells determines17
4745092483Valence electronsDetermines the chemical behavior18
4745104837OrbitalA three-dimensional space where an electron is found 90% of the time19
4745111597Chemical bondsAttractions between atoms with full valence electrons20
4745113745Covalent bond2 atoms that equally share a pair of valence electrons21
4745118491Structural formulaThe notation used to represent atoms and bonding H-H22
4745120486Molecular formulaAn abbreviated version of the structural formula H223
4745123206Molecule2 or more atoms that are held together by covalent bonds24
4745124925Valencethe bonding capacity of an atom25
4745125984ElectronegativityAn atom's attraction for the electrons in a covalent bond26
4745129606Non-polar covalent bondsThe atoms share the electron equally27
4745131043Polar covalent bondsOne atom is more electronegative, and the atoms do not share the electron equally28
4745133655Ionic bondsStripping/giving an electron instead of sharing29
4745135935IonA charged atom30
4745136215CationA positively charged ion31
4745136872AnionA negatively charged ion32
4745137929Ionic bondThe attraction between an anion and a cation33
4745139286Ionic compounds/saltsCompounds formed by ionic bonds34
4745144176Covalent bondsThe stronger bond35
4745146783Ionic/Hydrogen bondsThe weaker bonds36
4745149011Weak chemical bondsHelp reinforce shapes of large molecules and help molecules adhere to each other37
4745151223Hydrogen bondsWhen a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom is also attracted to another electronegative atom (usually oxygen and hydrogen atoms)38
4745162273Van Der Waals interactionsAttractions between molecules that are close together as a result of these charges39
4745165698S/P orbitalsThe orbitals that hybridize in covalent bonds which creates a specific molecular shape40
4745174221Chemical EquilibriumWhen the forward and reverse reaction rates are equal41

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