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| 13673147034 | Root system | the system of plants beneath the soil |  | 0 |
| 13673147035 | Shoot system | the system of plants above the soil | | 1 |
| 13673153943 | Whats the functions of roots | anchors plant absorbs minerals and water stores carbohydrates | 2 | |
| 13673158348 | Define the primary root and what it branches to | first root to emerge' braces to form lateral roots | 3 | |
| 13673161129 | Define taproot | large singular roots w small ones coming off it |  | 4 |
| 13673172835 | define fibrous roots | They branch to such an extent that no single roots grows larger than the other. Helps topsoil from being washed away. Ex.) Grass bunch of lateral roots | | 5 |
| 13673175380 | define adventitious roots | Roots that are produced on the internodes or other parts of plant organs (stems and leaves). |  | 6 |
| 13673179502 | Define root hairs | ways of increasing surface area for absorption |  | 7 |
| 13673147036 | Mycorrhizae | symbiotic relationships that form between fungi and plants | 8 | |
| 13673147037 | Stem | series of nodes (where leaves attach) and internodes | 9 | |
| 13673190194 | Define apical bud | top bud where shoot is growing |  | 10 |
| 13673147039 | Axillary bud | a bud that develops in the axil of a leaf of a plant |  | 11 |
| 13673147040 | Leaves | where the plant exchanges gases with the atmosphere and collects sunlight to manufacture food with the help of water and minerals collected through the root | 12 | |
| 13673197528 | What do leaves usually have? | -blade -petiole joins leaf to node of stem |  | 13 |
| 13673204407 | Define monocot | parallel veins |  | 14 |
| 13673222523 | What do non-woody plants have | epidermis with a non waxy non-waxy | 15 | |
| 13673226026 | woody plants have | periderm that turns into bark | 16 | |
| 13673231440 | What do guard cells do? | open and close stomata | 17 | |
| 13673207572 | Define Eudicots | branching veins |  | 18 |
| 13673147041 | Dermal tissue | outermost layer of plants that protect it from damage and water loss | 19 | |
| 13673147042 | Vascular tissue | conduct materials throughout the plant made up of xylem and phloem | 20 | |
| 13673147043 | Xylem | carry water and dissolve minerals from the root up to the leaves | 21 | |
| 13673147044 | Phloem | transports food from the leaves to the rest of the plant | 22 | |
| 13673147045 | Ground tissue | carry out photosynthesis and store leftover food |  | 23 |
| 13673236412 | define a pith | ground tissue internal to vascular tissue | 24 | |
| 13673237793 | define a cortex | ground tissue to external to the vascular tissue | 25 | |
| 13673147046 | Parenchyma cells | "visceral flesh" cells that make up the dermal tissue; most abundant; thin and flexible and perform various functions thinner walls but larger vacuoles | 26 | |
| 13673147047 | Collenchyma cells | elongated cells with thicker cell walls that help hold up the plant body where you find growth in the plant | 27 | |
| 13673147048 | Sclerenchyma cells | have SUPER thick cell walls made from lignin (a SUPER-strong polymer) rigid lignizides dead cells | 28 | |
| 13673262211 | Define tracheids | a type of water-conducting cell in the xylem that lacks perforations in the cell wall. and is dead |  | 29 |
| 13673266087 | what are the water conducting cells of xylem | tracheids and vessel elements | 30 | |
| 13673268399 | What are vessel elements? | Large, elongated pipes | 31 | |
| 13673147049 | thick | In warm, wet years the sclerenchyma cells grow _______ | 32 | |
| 13673147050 | thin | In cold, dry years the sclerenchyma cells grow _______ | 33 | |
| 13673147051 | Xylem cells | tracheids and vessel elements | 34 | |
| 13673147052 | Tracheids | are elongated cells in the xylem of vascular plants that serve in the transport of water and mineral salts | 35 | |
| 13673147053 | Phloem cells | composed of various specialized cells called sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibres, and phloem parenchyma cells | 36 | |
| 13673147054 | Sieve-tube elements | help the phloem to absorb water from a nearby xylem to form a sugary sap to transport the sugar | 37 | |
| 13673147055 | Companion cells | closely associated sieve elements; appears to regulate the activity of the adjacent sieve element and to take part in loading and unloading sugar into the sieve element | 38 | |
| 13673278980 | Define meristem | Plant tissue that allows plants to continue dividing where most of the upwards and growth of a plant happens | 39 | |
| 13673284134 | apical meristem | tops of roots and shoots make plant longer aka primary growth |  | 40 |
| 13673291393 | lateral meristems | A meristem that thickens the roots and shoots of woody plants. The vascular cambium and cork cambium are lateral meristems. aka secondary growth |  | 41 |
| 13673294023 | define vascular cambium | lateral meristems makes more vascular tissue only think that can increase secondary vascular tissue | 42 | |
| 13673300326 | Define cork cambium | lateral meristems adds more dermal tissue | 43 | |
| 13673310047 | Define protoderm | one of the primary meristems that produce mature plant tissue produces dermal tissue | 44 | |
| 13673319012 | Define ground meristem | one of the primary meristems that produce mature plant tissue produces ground tissue | 45 | |
| 13673147056 | Vessels | transport water and nutrients but are shorter than tracheids so they are connected into long tubes | 46 | |
| 13673335336 | Define root cap | what covers and protected apical meristem | 47 | |
| 13673351827 | What are the 3 zones of being behind a root tip | zone of division zone of elongation zone of differentiation/Manhattan | 48 | |
| 13673364210 | axillary buds do what | form along the shoot but can be released from apical dominant | 49 | |
| 13673375695 | Define leaf primordia | comes from lateral/axillary buds | 50 | |
| 13673381625 | define mesophyll and what happens in it | going tissue of a leaf where happens | 51 | |
| 13673393519 | Where does secondary growth occur? | lateral meristems: vascular cambium and cork cambium adds circumference |  | 52 |
| 13673433124 | Define plasticity | how effective a plant is by its environment during its development | 53 | |
| 13673439999 | Define cell elongation | makes plants bigger individual cells get bigger | 54 | |
| 13673442926 | Define polarity which leads to what | the property of having opposite poles plants having shoot and root end | 55 | |
| 13673465740 | what restricts cells from elongating? | microfibils | 56 | |
| 13673469253 | Define pattern formation | the plant putting specific parts in certain locations different proteins develop as plant cells differentiate | 57 | |
| 13673477314 | cell differentiation is determined by what? | position on the organism | 58 | |
| 13673485163 | what are the different phase changes of plants? | juvenile, adult vegetative and adult reproductive | 59 | |
| 13673491237 | what is gonna be the main thing changing morphologically in plants? | shoot system | 60 | |
| 13673498371 | define floral meristem identity genes | the transition from vegetative growth to flowering is based on this | 61 | |
| 13673505684 | define organ identity genes | homeotic genes for plants regulate development of floral pattern | 62 | |
| 13673513724 | Define the ABC hypothesis | where you can a have A activity, B activity, AB and AC activity (the letters being different genes that are turned off or on by the environment) | 63 |
