Terms : Hide Images
| 10605156 | plasticity | an organism's ability to alter itself in response to local environmental conditions | 0 | |
| 10605157 | morphology | external form | 1 | |
| 10605158 | tissue | a group of cells with a common function, structure, or both | 2 | |
| 10605159 | organ | several types of tissues that together carry out particular functions | 3 | |
| 10605160 | root system | a system of roots | 4 | |
| 10607434 | shoot system | consists of stems and leaves | 5 | |
| 10607435 | root | an organ that anchors a vascular plant | 6 | |
| 10607436 | taproot system | consists of one main vertical root that develops from an embryonic root | 7 | |
| 10607437 | lateral roots | develop from the taproot | 8 | |
| 10607438 | fibrous root system | a mat of generally thin roots spreading out below the soil surface, with no root standing out as the main one | 9 | |
| 10607439 | adventitious | any plant part that grows in an unusual location | 10 | |
| 10607440 | root hair | an extension of a root epidermal cell | 11 | |
| 10607441 | stems | an organ consisting of an alternating system of nodes and internodes | 12 | |
| 10607442 | nodes | the points at which leaves are attached | 13 | |
| 10607443 | internodes | the stem segments between nodes | 14 | |
| 10607444 | axillary bud | a structure that has the potential to form a lateral shoot, commonly called a branch | 15 | |
| 10607445 | terminal bud | includes developing leaves and a compact series of nodes and internodes | 16 | |
| 10607446 | apical dominance | inhibiting the growth of axillary buds | 17 | |
| 10607447 | leaf | the main photosynthetic organ of most vascular plants, consisting of a flattened blade and petiole stalk | 18 | |
| 10607448 | veins | the vascular tissue of leaves | 19 | |
| 10607449 | tissue system | consists of one or more tissues organized into a functional unit connecting the organs of a plant | 20 | |
| 10607450 | dermal tissue system | the outer protective covering | 21 | |
| 10607451 | epidermis | a single layer of tightly packed cells | 22 | |
| 10607452 | periderm | protective tissues that replace the epidermis in older regions of stems and roots | 23 | |
| 10607453 | cuticle | a waxy coating that helps prevent water loss | 24 | |
| 10607454 | vascular tissue system | carries out long-distance transport of materials between roots and shoots | 25 | |
| 10607455 | xylem | conveys water and dissolved minerals | 26 | |
| 10607456 | phloem | transports organic nutrients such as sugars | 27 | |
| 10607457 | stele | the vascular tissue of a root or stem | 28 | |
| 10607458 | vascular cylinder | the form of the stele of the root in angiosperms | 29 | |
| 10607459 | vascular bundles | strands consisting of xylem and phloem | 30 | |
| 10607460 | ground tissue system | tissues that are neither dermal nor vascular | 31 | |
| 10607461 | pith | ground tissue that is internal to the vascular tissue | 32 | |
| 10607462 | cortex | ground tissue that is external to the vascular tissue | 33 | |
| 10607463 | protoplast | the cell contents exclusive of the cell wall | 34 | |
| 10607464 | indeterminate growth | growth occurs throughout a plant's life | 35 | |
| 10607465 | determinate growth | growth that ceases after reaching a certain size | 36 | |
| 10607466 | annuals | plants that complete their life cycle in a single year or less | 37 | |
| 10607467 | biennials | generally live two years | 38 | |
| 10607468 | perennials | plants that live many years | 39 | |
| 10607469 | meristems | perpetually embryonic tissues | 40 | |
| 10607470 | apical meristems | provide additional cells that enable the plant to grow in length (primary growth) | 41 | |
| 10607471 | herbaceous plants | nonwoody plants | 42 | |
| 10607472 | lateral meristems | causes growth in thickness (secondary growth) | 43 | |
| 10607473 | vascular cambium | lateral meristem that adds layers of vascular tissue called secondary xylem and secondary phloem | 44 | |
| 10607474 | cork cambium | lateral meristem that replaces the epidermis with periderm, which is thicker and tougher | 45 | |
| 10607475 | initials | cells that remain as sources of new cells | 46 | |
| 10607476 | derivatives | cells that continue to divide until the cells they produce become specialized within developing tissues | 47 | |
| 10607477 | primary plant body | the parts of the root and shoot systems produced by apical meristems | 48 | |
| 10607478 | root cap | a root part that protects the apical meristem as the root pushes through the soil during primary growth | 49 | |
| 10607479 | zone of cell division | includes the root apical meristem and its derivatives | 50 | |
| 10607480 | zone of elongation | when root cells elongate | 51 | |
| 10607481 | zone of maturation | when cells complete their differentiation and become functionally mature | 52 | |
| 10607482 | endodermis | the innermost layer of the cortex/a cylinder one cell thick that forms the boundary with the vascular cylinder | 53 | |
| 10607483 | pericycle | the outermost cell layer in the vascular cylinder, from which lateral roots arise | 54 | |
| 10607484 | leaf primordia | finger-like projections along the flanks of the apical meristem, from which leaves arise | 55 | |
| 10607485 | stomata | allow CO2 exchange between the surrounding air and the photosynthetic cells inside the leaf | 56 | |
| 10607486 | guard cells | regulate the opening and closing of stomata | 57 | |
| 10607487 | mesophyll | the region between the upper and lower epidermis/consists mainly of parenchyma cells | 58 | |
| 10607488 | palisade mesophyll | consists of one or more layers of elongated cells on the upper part of the leaf | 59 | |
| 10607489 | spongy mesophyll | below the palisade mesophyll | 60 | |
| 10607490 | leaf traces | connections from vascular bundles in the stem | 61 | |
| 10607491 | bundle sheath | a protective vein enclosing which consists of one or more layers of cells | 62 | |
| 10607492 | secondary plant body | consists of the tissues produced by the vascular cambium and cork cambium | 63 | |
| 10607493 | fusiform initials | produce elongated cells such as the tracheids, vessel elements, and fibers of the xylem | 64 | |
| 10607494 | ray initials | initials which are shorter and oriented perpendicular to the stem or root axis, and produce vascular rays | 65 | |
| 10607495 | heartwood | older layers of secondary xylem | 66 | |
| 10607496 | sapwood | outer layers of xylem | 67 | |
| 10607497 | lenticels | small raised aresas of the periderm which enable living cells within a woody stem or root to exchange gases with the outside air | 68 | |
| 10607498 | bark | includes all tissues external to the vascular cambium | 69 | |
| 10607499 | morphogenesis | the development of body forma and organization | 70 | |
| 10607500 | systems biology | An approach to studying biology that aims to model the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems. | 71 | |
| 10607501 | asymmetrical cell division | one daughter cell receives more cytoplasm than the other during mitosis | 72 | |
| 10607502 | pattern formation | the development of specific structures in specific locations | 73 | |
| 10607503 | positional information | signals that continuously indicate to each cell its location within a developing structure | 74 | |
| 10607504 | polarity | the condition of having structural differences at opposite ends of an organism | 75 | |
| 10607505 | phase changes | the morphological changes that arise from transitions in shoot apical meristem activity | 76 | |
| 10607506 | meristem identity genes | associated with the transition from vegetative growth to flowering | 77 | |
| 10607507 | organ identity genes | genes that regulate the development of the characteristic floral pattern | 78 |
