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| 7406141651 | Covalent bond | A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons. | 0 | |
| 7406141652 | Organic Chemistry | the chemistry of carbon compounds (other than simple salts such as carbonates, oxides, and carbides). | 1 | |
| 7406141653 | Functional group | A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and involved in chemical reactions. | 2 | |
| 7406141654 | Nucleic acid | A polymer (polynucleotide) consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and, through the actions of proteins, for all cellular activities. The two types are DNA and RNA. | 3 | |
| 7406141655 | Macromolecule | A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules, usually by a dehydration reaction. Polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids are macromolecules. | 4 | |
| 7406141656 | Carbohydrates | A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides). | 5 | |
| 7406141657 | Triose | any of a group of monosaccharide sugars whose molecules contain three carbon atoms. | 6 | |
| 7406141658 | Pentose | any of the class of simple sugars whose molecules contain five carbon atoms, such as ribose and xylose. | 7 | |
| 7406141659 | Hexose | any of the class of simple sugars whose molecules contain six carbon atoms, such as glucose and fructose. | 8 | |
| 7406141660 | Catalyst | A process by which a chemical agent called a catalyst selectively increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction. | 9 | |
| 7406141661 | Hydrocarbons | An organic molecule consisting of only carbon and hydrogen. | 10 | |
| 7406141662 | Isomers | One of two or more compounds that have the same numbers of atoms of the same elements but different structures and hence different properties. | 11 | |
| 7406141663 | Structural isomers | One of two or more compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms. | 12 | |
| 7406141664 | Cis-trans isomers | a term used in organic chemistry to refer to the stereoisomerism engendered in the relative orientation of functional groups within a molecule. | 13 | |
| 7406141665 | Enantiomers | One of two compounds that are mirror images of each other and that differ in shape due to the presence of an asymmetric carbon. | 14 | |
| 7406141666 | Adenosine triphosphate | Adenosine triphosphate is a nucleoside triphosphate, a small but surprising molecule used in cells as a coenzyme often called the "molecular unit of currency" of intracellular energy transfer. | 15 | |
| 7406141667 | Adenosine diphosphate | Adenosine diphosphate is an important organic compound in metabolism and is essential to the flow of energy in living cells. | 16 | |
| 7406141668 | Polymer | A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together by covalent bonds. | 17 | |
| 7406141669 | Monomers | The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer. | 18 | |
| 7406141670 | Enzymes | A macromolecule serving as a catalyst, a chemical agent that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction. Most enzymes are proteins. | 19 | |
| 7406141671 | Dehydration reactions | A chemical reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other with the removal of a water molecule. | 20 | |
| 7406141672 | Hydrolysis | A chemical reaction that breaks bonds between two molecules by the addition of water; functions in disassembly of polymers to monomers. | 21 | |
| 7406141673 | Monosaccharides | The simplest carbohydrate, active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars, monosaccharides have molecular formulas that are generally some multiple of CH2O. | 22 | |
| 7406141674 | Disaccharides | A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic linkage formed by a dehydration reaction. | 23 | |
| 7406141675 | Glycosidic linkages | A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction. | 24 | |
| 7406141676 | Polysaccharides | A polymer of many monosaccharides, formed by dehydration reactions. | 25 | |
| 7406141677 | Starch | A storage polysaccharide in plants, consisting entirely of glucose monomers joined by α glycosidic linkages. | 26 | |
| 7406141678 | Glycogen | An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch. | 27 | |
| 7406141679 | Cellulose | A structural polysaccharide of plant cell walls, consisting of glucose monomers joined by β glycosidic linkages. | 28 | |
| 7406141680 | Chitin | A structural polysaccharide, consisting of amino sugar monomers, found in many fungal cell walls and in the exoskeletons of all arthropods. | 29 | |
| 7406141681 | Lipids | Any of a group of large biological molecules, including fats, phospholipids, and steroids, that mix poorly, if at all, with water. | 30 | |
| 7406141682 | Fatty acid | A carboxylic acid with a long carbon chain. Fatty acids vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds; three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form a fat molecule, also known as a triacylglycerol or triglyceride. | 31 | |
| 7406141683 | Triglyceride | A triglyceride is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids. Triglycerides are the main constituents of body fat in humans and animals, as well as vegetable fat. | 32 | |
| 7406141684 | Saturated fatty acid | A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds, thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton. | 33 | |
| 7406141685 | Unsaturated fatty acid | A fatty acid that has one or more double bonds between carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton. | 34 | |
| 7406141686 | Trans fat | unsaturated fatty acid of a type occurring in margarines and manufactured cooking oils as a result of the hydrogenation process, having a trans arrangement of the carbon atoms adjacent to its double bonds. Consumption of such acids is thought to increase the risk of atherosclerosis. | 35 | |
| 7406141687 | Phospholipids | A lipid made up of glycerol joined to two fatty acids and a phosphate group. The hydrocarbon chains of the fatty acids act as nonpolar, hydrophobic tails, while the rest of the molecule acts as a polar, hydrophilic head. Phospholipids form bilayers that function as biological membranes. | 36 | |
| 7406141688 | Steroids | A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings with various chemical groups attached. | 37 | |
| 7406141689 | Cholesterol | A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids, such as many hormones. | 38 | |
| 7406141690 | Hydrocarbons | An organic molecule consisting of only carbon and hydrogen. | 39 |
