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Ap Biology Chapter 54 Flashcards

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5711648852CommunityAn assemblage of populations of various species living close enough for potential interaction0
5711661883Interspecifc interactionsRelationships between species in a community1
5711672825Interspecific competitionOccurs when species compete for a resource in short supply2
5711692887Competitive exclusionLocal elimination of a competing species3
5711700603Competitive exclusion principleStates that two species competing for the same limiting resources cannot coexist in the same place4
5711713150Ecological nicheThe total of a species' use of biotic and abiotic resources5
5711726102Resource partitioningDifferentiation of ecological niches enabling similar species to coexist in a community6
5711736349Character displacementA tendency for characteristics to be more divergent in sympatric populations of 2 species than in allopatric populations of the same 2 species7
5711757417Fundamental nicheAll the places an organism could live without competition8
5711765757Realized nicheWhere an organism actually lives9
5711772033PredationRefers to interaction where one species, the predator, kills and eats the other, the prey10
5711784753Cryptic colorationcamouflage, makes prey difficult to spot11
5711801324Aposematic colorationAnimals with effective chemical defense often exhibit bright warning coloration12
5711815413Batesian mimicryPalatable or harmless species mimics an unpalatable or harmful model13
5711825101Mullerian mimicry2 or more unpalatable species resemble each other14
5711831731HerbivoryRefers to an interaction in which an herbivore eats parts of a plant or alga15
5711898484SymbiosisA relationship where 2 or more species live in direct and intimate contact with one another16
5711906083ParasitismOne organism derives nourishment from another organism, its host which is harmed in the process17
5711917027EndoparasitesParasites that live within the body of their host18
5711926917EctoparasitesParasites that live on the external surface of a host19
5711935446MutualismIs an interspecific interaction that benefits both species20
5711944955ObligateOne species cannot survive with out the other21
5711963727FacultativeBoth species can survive alone22
5711970807CommensalismOne species benefits and the other is apparently unaffected23
5711977828Species diversityThe variety of organisms that make up the community24
5711990577Species richnessThe total number of different species in the community25
5711998896Relative abundanceThe proportion each species represents of the total individuals in the community26
5712012741Trophic structureIs the feeding relationships between organisms in a community27
5712020840Food chainsLink trophic levels from producers to top carnivores28
5712030074Food webA branching food chain with complex trophic interactions29
5712044619Energetic hypothesisSuggests that length is limited by inefficient energy transfer30
5712054053Dynamic stability hypothesisProposes that long food chains are less stable than short ones31
5712060092Dominant speciesAre those that are most abundant or have the highest biomass32
5712069959Keystone speciesExert strong control on a community by their ecological roles or niches (mvp)33
5712085551Invasive speciesTypically introduced to a new environment by humans often lack predators or disease34
5712092049Foundations speciesCause physical changes in the environment that affect community structure35
5712104504FacilitatorsHave positive effects on survival and reproduction of some other species in the community36
5712125563Bottom up modelCommunity organization proposes a unidirectional influence from lower to higher trophic levels37
5712155460Top down model(trophic cascade)-Proposes that control comes from the trophic level above38
5712166454Non-equilibrium modelDescribes communities constantly changing after being buffeted by disturbances39
5712215098Intermediate disturbance hypothesisSuggests that moderate levels of disturbance can foster greater diversity than either high or low levels of disturbance40
5712239591Ecological successionThe sequence of community and ecosystem changes after a disturbance41
5712249387Primary successionOccurs where no coil exists when succession begins42
5712256956Secondary successionBegins in an area where soil remains after a disturbance43
5712265648Species-area curveQuantifies the idea that all other factors being equal, a larger geographic area has more species44
5712277231EvapotranspirationEvaporation of water from soil plus transpiration of water from plants45
5712286800ZoonoticPathogens have been transferred from other animals to humans46
5712294776Latitude and area2 key factors that affect a community's species diversity47

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