Terms : Hide Images
| 5580006873 | glycolysis | the process of turning sugars into the 3-carbon molecule pyruvate |  | 0 |
| 5580013785 | ATP | adenosine triphosphate - the ideal molecule for energy storage; consists of ribose, adenine, and three phosphates | 1 | |
| 5580015875 | ADP | adenosine diphosphate; consists of ribose, adenine, and two phosphates | 2 | |
| 5580021331 | oxidation | the act of losing electrons | 3 | |
| 5580022869 | reduction | the act of gaining electrons | 4 | |
| 5580022870 | respiration | a process in living organisms involving the production of energy, typically with the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide from the oxidation of complex organic substances. |  | 5 |
| 5580033053 | aerobic respiration | respiration involving oxygen | 6 | |
| 5580033897 | anaerobic respiration | respiration lacking oxygen | 7 | |
| 5580160898 | obligate anaerobe | an organism that only uses fermentation; cannot survive in the presence of oxygen | 8 | |
| 5580125334 | facultative anaerobe | an organism that uses anerobic respiration when necessary | 9 | |
| 5580036178 | fermentation | the partial degradation of of sugars or other organic molecules without oxygen |  | 10 |
| 5580039174 | alcohol fermentation | fermentation resulting in alcoholic substances |  | 11 |
| 5580040969 | lactic acid | the end product of lactic acid fermentation | 12 | |
| 5580049957 | acetyl coenzyme A | the combination of coenzyme A and pyruvate that allows pyruvate to enter the citric acid cycle | 13 | |
| 5580057543 | Kreb's (citric acid) cycle | pyruvate molecules from glucose are further broken down into carbon dioxide; the nonpolar covalent bonds that are broken produce ATP; occurs in the mitochondria |  | 14 |
| 5580066963 | electron transport chain | electrons are carried to and from protein complexes; the electrons lose energy and the enrgy is used to pump H+ ions across the membrane to make a chemical gradient |  | 15 |
| 5580074667 | matrix | the part of a mitochondrion where organic molecules are oxidized | 16 | |
| 5580078475 | hydrogen acceptor | a molecule with a positive charge (an extra H+ ion) that accepts electrons, creating a molecule with a neutral charge (an extra H atom) | 17 | |
| 5580082760 | coenzyme | an organic molecule that helps an enzyme catalyze a reaction (nonproteins) | 18 | |
| 5580085162 | NAD+ | an electron carrier (coenzyme) | 19 | |
| 5580087320 | electrochemical gradient | a combination of chemical gradient (substances of different concentrations across a membrane) and an electrical gradient (different charges across a membrane); created with H+ in cellular respiration |  | 20 |
| 5580095742 | proton pump | a protein complex that uses energy from "falling" electrons in the ETC to pump H+ across a membrane | 21 | |
| 5580097373 | cristae | the partitions created by the folded inner membrane of a mitochondrion | 22 | |
| 5580104125 | chemical energy | the potential energy available for release in chemical reactions | 23 | |
| 5580107200 | dehydrogenase | an enzyme that removes H atoms in the ETC | 24 | |
| 5580114608 | chemiosmosis | the movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane down the electrochemical gradient | 25 | |
| 5580118024 | ATP synthase | the enzyme that phosphorylates ADP to create ATP using energy from H+ ions flowing down the gradient into the mitochondrion |  | 26 |
| 5580122101 | electronegativity | the affinity an atom has for electrons | 27 | |
| 5580129272 | deamination | the removal of an amino group from a compound | 28 | |
| 5580131493 | oxidizing agent | the molecule that gains electrons, oxidates other molecule | 29 | |
| 5580132473 | reducing agent | the molecule that loses electrons, reduces other molecule | 30 | |
| 5580137664 | proton-motive force | the H+ gradient that has the capacity to perform work | 31 | |
| 5580140795 | cytochrome | an electron carrier; consists of heme and other components | 32 | |
| 5580148012 | G3P | a 3-carbon intermediate between sugars and pyruvate | 33 | |
| 5580151413 | pyruvate | a 3-carbon molecule that is the first stable intermediate in cellular respiration | 34 |
