All vocab is on cell membranes.
Definitions come from this chapter's AP Reading Guide made by Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw and the 9th AP Edition Campbell Biology textbook.
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| 1851745276 | Fluid mosaic model | Current cell membrane model where the membrane proteins are inside the bilayer, with their hydrophilic parts outside the membrane. | 0 | |
| 1851745277 | Integral proteins | Proteins that penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the bilayer | 1 | |
| 1851745278 | Peripheral proteins | Proteins loosely bound to the surface of the membrane | 2 | |
| 1851745279 | Glycolipids | Carbohydrate bonded to lipids | 3 | |
| 1851745280 | Glycoproteins | Carbohydrate bonded to proteins; most common in membrane | 4 | |
| 1851745281 | Aquaporins | Proteins found on the membrane that allow more water to enter the cell than normal so it can be turgid. | 5 | |
| 1851745282 | Diffusion | The movement of molecules of any substance so that they spread out evenly into the available space | 6 | |
| 1851745283 | Concentration gradient | The region along which the density of a chemical substance increases or decreases | 7 | |
| 1851745284 | Passive transport | Diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane which does not require energy | 8 | |
| 1851745285 | Osmosis | Diffusion of free water across a selectively permeable membrane | 9 | |
| 1851745286 | Isotonic | A solution surrounding a cell that causes no net movement of water in or out of the cell | 10 | |
| 1851745287 | Hypertonic | A solution surrounding a cell that causes the cell to lose water | 11 | |
| 1851745288 | Hypotonic | A solution surrounding a cell that causes the cell to gain water | 12 | |
| 1851745289 | Flaccid | Limp; state of a walled cell in an isotonic solution | 13 | |
| 1851745290 | Plasmolysis | The shrinkage of a walled cell in a hypertonic solution; cell membrane pulls away from cell wall | 14 | |
| 1851745291 | Tonicity | Tha ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water | 15 | |
| 1851745292 | Osmoregulation | The control of solute concentrations and water balance | 16 | |
| 1851745293 | Facilitated diffusion | The passage of molecules or ions down their electrochemical gradient across a biological membrane with the help of specific transmembrane transport proteins | 17 | |
| 1851745294 | Membrane potential | Voltage (electrical potential energy) across a membrane | 18 | |
| 1851745295 | Electrochemical gradient | The combination of the chemical and electrical forces that drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane | 19 | |
| 1851745296 | Endocytosis | Cellular uptake of biological molecules and particulate matter via formation of vesicles from the plasma membrane | 20 | |
| 1851745297 | Exocytosis | The cell secretes certain biological molecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane; ex. the release of neurotransmitters | 21 | |
| 1851745298 | Proton pump | An electrogenic pump which actively transports protons (hydrogen ions) out of the cell | 22 | |
| 1851751012 | Gated Channels | A protein channel in a cell membrane that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus. | 23 | |
| 1851751013 | Selective Permeability | A property of biological membranes that allows some substances to cross more easily than others. | 24 | |
| 1851751014 | Transport Proteins | A transmembrane protein that helps a certain substance or class of closely related substances to cross the membrane. | 25 | |
| 1851751015 | Ion Channels | Allow ions to diffuse down concentration gradient | 26 | |
| 1851765730 | Active transport | Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference | 27 |
