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AP Notes, Outlines, Study Guides, Vocabulary, Practice Exams and more!

Ap Biology Chapter 8 Flashcards

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5470375207MetabolismThe totality of an organism's chemical reactions0
5470377689Metabolic pathwaysBegins with a specific molecule and ends with a product1
5470382749Catabolic pathwaysRelease energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds (exergonic and products have less energy than reactants)2
5470389761Anabolic pathwaysConsume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones (proteins from amino acids, products have more energy than the reactants, endergonic)3
5470400657BioenergeticsThe study of how organisms manage their energy resources4
5470402932EnergyThe capacity to cause change5
5470404512Kinetic energyEnergy associated with motion6
5470410835Heat (thermal energy)Kinetic energy associated with random movement of atoms or molecules7
5470414946Potential energyEnergy that matter possesses because of its location or structure8
5470419178Chemical energyPotential energy available for release in a chemical reaction9
5470422915ThermodynamicsThe study of energy transformations10
5470427170Open systemsThe type system that humans are11
5470431483First law of thermodynamicsThe energy of the universe is constant12
5470433113Second law of thermodynamicsEnergy transfer or transformation increases entropy(disorder)13
5470439111EntropyThe universe prefers14
5470443031HeatThe way that energy is released from the ecosystem15
5470445401LightThe way that energy enters an ecosystem16
5470449630Free energyEnergy that can do work when temperature and pressure are uniform, as in a living cell17
5470456494∆G=∆H-T∆SGibb's free energy equation18
5470465192Exergonic reactionsReactions that proceed with a net release of free energy and is spontaneous19
5470469531Endergonic reactionsReactions that absorb free energy from its surroundings and is nonspontaneous20
5470475244ATPRibo (sugar)+Adenine (a nitrogenous base)+3 phosphate groups21
5470481734SubstrateThe reactant that an enzyme acts on22
5470488140Enzyme substrate complexThe enzyme binds to its substrate23
5470489578Active siteThe region on the enzyme where the substrate binds24
5470492323Induced fitA substrate brings chemical groups of the active site into positions that enhance their ability to catalyze the reaction25
5470501003CatalystA chemical agent that speed up a reaction with being consumed by the reaction26
5470505063CofactorsNon protein enzymes27
5470507343CoenzymesAn organic cofactor(vitamins)28
5470513249Competitive inhibitorsBind to the active site of an enzyme competing with the substrate29
5470518780Noncompetitive inhibitorsBind to another part of the enzyme causing the enzyme to change shape and making the active site less effective30
5470526398Allosteric regulationMay either inhibit or stimulate an enzymes's activity31
5470529372CooperativityA form of allosteric regulation that can amplify enzyme activity32
5470534970Feedback inhibitionThe end product of a metabolic pathway shuts down the pathway33

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