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| 6679956476 | active transport | the movement of materials using ATP energy either as bulk transport or as solute pumping against a concentration gradient |  | 0 |
| 6679956477 | apoptosis | programmed cell death |  | 1 |
| 6679956478 | aquaporin | channel protein for water in every cell membrane; facilitated diffusion |  | 2 |
| 6679956479 | axon | long extension of the neuron to sends action potentials away from the cell body to a different neuron |  | 3 |
| 6679956480 | carrier protein | a protein that changes shape as it moves specific polar chemicals across the cell membrane in facilitated diffusion |  | 4 |
| 6679956481 | cell wall | a structural layer outside of the cell membrane of plants, fungi and bacteria; it is made of cellulose in plants |  | 5 |
| 6679956482 | centrioles | structures used in the movement of chromosomes during cell reproduction in animal cells |  | 6 |
| 6679956483 | channel protein | a protein that allows specific polar chemicals to cross the cell membrane without changing its shape; it may or may not have a gate |  | 7 |
| 6679956484 | chloroplast | an organelle that converts light energy to chemical energy; it contains its own form of DNA because it descended from photosynthetic bacteria (endosymbiont theory) |  | 8 |
| 6679956485 | concentration gradient | the difference in concentrations of one ion or molecule on either side of a cell membrane |  | 9 |
| 6679956486 | cytoplasm | the fluid & material inside of the cell membrane, but outside of the nucleus |  | 10 |
| 6679956487 | cytoskeleton | protein filaments that provide anchors for transport of organelles and control the shape of the cells |  | 11 |
| 6679956488 | dendrites | extensions of the cell membrane of a neuron that receive incoming action potentials from other neurons |  | 12 |
| 6679956489 | depolarization | the movement of sodium (Na+) ions into a neuron that increase the membrane potential of a neuron briefly |  | 13 |
| 6679956490 | diffusion | the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |  | 14 |
| 6679956491 | endocytosis | the movement of materials into a cell through a form of active transport called bulk transport |  | 15 |
| 6679956492 | endoplasmic reticulum | membranes inside of a eukaryotic cell that serve as a surface for chemical reactions like protein synthesis and lipid synthesis |  | 16 |
| 6679956493 | Golgi apparatus | membranes inside of a eukaryotic cell that package proteins for transport |  | 17 |
| 6679956494 | hypertonic | a solution that contains a higher concentration of solutes than the inside of a cell; water moves out of a cell in this type of solution |  | 18 |
| 6679956495 | hypotonic | a solution that contains a lower concentration of solutes than the inside of a cell; water moves into a cell in this type of solution |  | 19 |
| 6679956496 | isotonic | a solution that contains the same concentration of solutes as the inside of a cell; water moves both into and out of a cell in this type of solution |  | 20 |
| 6679956497 | ligand | a chemical that binds to a receptor like neurotransmitters bind to receptors on dendrites and open sodium (Na+) gated protein channels |  | 21 |
| 6679956498 | lysosome | a membranous sac inside of eukaryotic cells that contains digestive enzymes used to destroy old organelles and bacteria |  | 22 |
| 6679956499 | membrane | a material present in all cells (both prokaryotic and eukaryotic) made from phospholipids either on the border of the cell or composing the ER and Golgi |  | 23 |
| 6679956500 | mitochondrion | an organelle that converts chemical energy in glucose to usable chemical energy in ATP; it contains its own form of DNA because it descended from aerobic bacteria (endosymbiont theory) |  | 24 |
| 6679956501 | neuron | a nerve cell that transmits action potentials as electrochemical messages |  | 25 |
| 6679956502 | neurotransmitter | a ligand that binds to receptors on the dendrites of neurons to open gated sodium channels and pass on action potentials from one neuron to another neuron |  | 26 |
| 6679956503 | nuclear envelope | the membrane that surrounds the nucleus of a cell |  | 27 |
| 6679956504 | phospholipid | a macromolecule that is amphipathic, with a polar head that contains phosphate and two nonpolar tails |  | 28 |
| 6679956505 | plasma membrane | a structure present in all cells (both prokaryotic and eukaryotic) made from phospholipids that controls what enters and exits the cell |  | 29 |
| 6679956506 | plasmolysis | the process in which cells lose water when they are in a hypertonic solution |  | 30 |
| 6679956507 | polarization | processes that lead to ions having different concentrations on different sides of a membrane |  | 31 |
| 6679956508 | prokaryotic cell | a cell that predates nuclei; bacteria are an example |  | 32 |
| 6679956509 | repolarization | the movement of potassium (K+) ions out of a neuron to restore the electrochemical gradient so the inside of the cell returns to a negative potential |  | 33 |
| 6679956510 | ribosome | organelles present in both prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells that assemble proteins from mRNA recipes |  | 34 |
| 6679956511 | rough ER | a form of membranous organelle that acts as a surface for chemical reactions, especially protein synthesis because it is studded with ribosomes |  | 35 |
| 6679956512 | selectively permeable | the quality of a membrane that allows the membrane to control which particles enter or exit the cell |  | 36 |
| 6679956513 | smooth ER | a form of membranous organelle that acts as a surface for chemical reactions, especially lipid synthesis because it lacks ribosomes |  | 37 |
| 6679956514 | synapse | the space between two different neurons through which action potentials spread by ligands called neurotransmitters traveling across the space | 38 | |
| 6679956515 | exocytosis | the movement of materials out of a cell through a form of active transport called bulk transport | 39 | |
| 6679956516 | eukaryotic cell | a cell that contains a true nucleus; fungi, protists, animal, and plant cells are examples | 40 | |
| 6679956517 | facilitated diffusion | the movement of particles that cannot normally cross a cell membrane from high concentration to low concentration by the use of carrier proteins or protein channels | 41 | |
| 6679956518 | flagella | an extension of the cytoskeleton and plasma membrane that allows prokaryote and some animal cells to move | 42 | |
| 6679956519 | fluid mosaic model | a description of the plasma membrane that describes how the phospholipids and embedded proteins flow within the membrane | 43 | |
| 6679956520 | nucleus | the control center of the cell that contains the DNA | 44 | |
| 6679956521 | organelles | "little organs" of the cell that each have specific tasks they do to keep the cell alive, fed, and able to reproduce | 45 | |
| 6679956522 | osmosis | the diffusion of water across a cell membrane through aquaporins from area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration; "water follows solutes" | 46 | |
| 6679956523 | passive transport | the movement of materials without the input of ATP energy; facilitated diffusion, osmosis, and simple diffusion are all examples of this | 47 | |
| 6679956524 | phagocytosis | the movement of one large particle like a bacterium into a cell through bulk transport, which is a form of active transport | 48 | |
| 6679956525 | surface area:volume ratio | a comparison of the amount of plasma membrane a cell has to the amount of cytoplasm a cell has; as a cell grows, this comparison decreases and this triggers cells to begin cell division | 49 | |
| 6679956526 | transmembrane protein | a carrier protein or protein channel that crosses the entire plasma membrane from the intracellular space to the extracellular space | 50 | |
| 6679956527 | vacuole | a membranous sac that contains materials for the cell to use | 51 | |
| 6679961123 | amphipathic | having both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region | 52 |
