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| 8962026350 | homologous structures | structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry |  | 0 |
| 8962026351 | vestigial structures | remnants of features that served important functions in the the organism's ancestors |  | 1 |
| 8962026352 | convergent evolution | the independent evolution of similar features in different lineages |  | 2 |
| 8962026353 | Hardy-Weinberg | the frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population will remain constant from generation to generation, provided that only Mendelian segregation and recombination of alleles are at work |  | 3 |
| 8962026354 | gene pool | the aggregate of all of the alleles for all of the loci in individuals in a population |  | 4 |
| 8962026355 | population | a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed, producing fertile offspring |  | 5 |
| 8962026356 | natural selection | a process in which organisms with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than are organisms with other characteristics |  | 6 |
| 8962026357 | genetic drift | changes in the gene pool due to random events | 7 | |
| 8962026358 | founder effect | when a individuals become isolated from a larger population, this smaller group may establish a new population whose gene pool differs from the source population |  | 8 |
| 8962026359 | bottleneck effect | when there is a severe drop in population size, certain alleles may be overrepresented among the survivors, others may be underrepresented, and some may be absent altogether |  | 9 |
| 8962026360 | gene flow | the transfer of alleles into or out of a population due to the movement of fertile individuals or their gametes | 10 | |
| 8962026361 | directional selection | when conditions favor individuals exhibiting one extreme of a phenotypic range, thereby shifting the frequency curve for the phenotypic character in one direction or the other |  | 11 |
| 8962026362 | disruptive selection | when conditions favor individuals at both extremes of a phenotypic range over individuals with intermediate phenotypes |  | 12 |
| 8962026363 | stabilizing selection | acts against both extreme phenotypes and favors intermediate variants |  | 13 |
| 8962026364 | sexual selection | a form of natural selection in which individuals with certain inherited characteristics are more likely than other individuals to obtain mates |  | 14 |
| 8962026365 | sexual dimorphism | marked differences between the two sexes in secondary sexual characteristics, which are not directly associated with reproduction or survival (differences in size, color, ornamentation, and behavior) |  | 15 |
| 8962026366 | heterozygote advantage | when individuals who are heterozygous at a particular locus have greater fitness than do both kind of homozygous | 16 | |
| 8962026367 | speciation | the process by which one species splits into two or more species |  | 17 |
| 8962026368 | microevolution | changes over time in allele frequencies in a population | 18 | |
| 8962026369 | macroevolution | the broad pattern of evolution over long time spans | 19 | |
| 8962026370 | species | a group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring- but do not produce viable, fertile offspring with members of other such groups | 20 | |
| 8962026371 | reproductive isolation | the existance of biological barriers that impede members of two species from producing viable offspring | 21 | |
| 8962026372 | hybrids | offspring that result from interspecific mating |  | 22 |
| 8962026373 | prezygotic barriers | impede mating or hinder fertilization if mating occurs (five types: habitat, temporal, behavioral, mechanical, gametic) |  | 23 |
| 8962026374 | post zygotic barriers | prevents hybrid zygote from developing into a viable fertile adult through reducing hybrid viability, reducing hybrid fertility, or hybrid breakdown | 24 | |
| 8962026375 | allopatric speciation | gene flow is interrupted when a population is divided into geographically isolated subpopulations |  | 25 |
| 8962026376 | sympatric speciation | speciation occurs in populations that live in the same geographic area (usually occurs due to polyploidy, habitat differentiation, and sexual selection) |  | 26 |
| 8962026377 | punctuated equilibrium | the theory that in the evolution there are long periods of little morphological change punctuated by relatively short periods of significant change |  | 27 |
| 8962026378 | protobionts | collections of abiotically produced molecules surrounded by a membrane-like structure with simple chemical reactions (precursor of prokaryotic cells) | 28 | |
| 8962026379 | endosymbiosis | mitochondria and chloroplasts were formally small prokaryotes that began living within larger cells |  | 29 |
| 8962026380 | adaptive radiation | Period of evolutionary change in which groups of organisms form many new species whose adaptations allow them to fill vacant ecological roles in their communities |  | 30 |
| 8962026381 | analogy | similarity due to convergent evolution |  | 31 |
| 8962026382 | homology | similarity due to shared ancestry |  | 32 |
| 8962026383 | Darwin's Theory (five parts) | 1. Variation 2. Overproduction 3. Competition 4. Survival of the fittest 5. Overtime, emergence of new species (new alleles) | 33 | |
| 8962026384 | abiotic synthesis | formation of organic molecules from inorganic material | 34 | |
| 8962026385 | last universal common ancestor (LUCA) | a common ancestor to all organisms that live and had lived on Earth | 35 | |
| 8962026386 | extinction | total disappearance of all members of a species | 36 | |
| 8962026387 | mass extinction | total disappearance of a large number a species within a few million years | 37 | |
| 8962026388 | extant | still in existance | 38 | |
| 8962026389 | fitness | ability to produce surviving offspring | 39 | |
| 8962026390 | morphological species concept | new species differ by physical characteristics known as diagnostic traits | 40 | |
| 8962026391 | evolutionary species concept | members of a species share distinct evolutionary pathway and common traits | 41 | |
| 8962026392 | phylogenetic species concept | a family tree is used to identify species based on a common ancestor | 42 | |
| 8962026393 | biological species concept | species are identified as separate because of reproductive isolation. | 43 | |
| 8962026394 | fossil | remains and traces of evidence of past life | 44 |
