Terms : Hide Images
| 153236126 | fission, budding, fragmentation | what are the three methods of asexual reproduction? | 0 | |
| 153236127 | sexual reproduction | what type of reproduction requires meiotic cell division in two parents? | 1 | |
| 153236128 | fission followed by regeneration | occurs in cnidarians, flatworms, and segmented worms | 2 | |
| 153236129 | fission followed by regeneration | asexual reproduction in which body spits into two and regenerates any mission body parts | 3 | |
| 153236130 | budding | occurs in sponges and some cnidarians such as hydra | 4 | |
| 153236131 | budding | asexual reproduction in which miniature animal begins as part of an adult, then becomes independent | 5 | |
| 153236132 | parthenogenesis | occurs in rotifers, insects, fish, amphibians, and reptiles | 6 | |
| 153236133 | parthenogenesis | asexual reproduction in which eggs do not need to be fertilized and are developed directly into adults | 7 | |
| 153236134 | parthenogenesis | may be caused by environment factors (if males are scarce) | 8 | |
| 153236135 | fusion of sperm and egg | what is required in sexual reproduction? | 9 | |
| 153236136 | hermaphrodites | organisms that produce both eggs and sperm and can self-fertilize (ex: tapeworm) | 10 | |
| 153236137 | snails | what are some hermaphrodites that cannot self-fertilize and must exchange sperm to fertilize each other's eggs? | 11 | |
| 153236138 | sequential hermaphrodism | a condition in which an organism starts as one gender then because of environmental conditions, change into the opposite gender | 12 | |
| 153236139 | protogynous | organisms that undergo sequential hermaprhoditism in which the organism is a female first | 13 | |
| 153236140 | protandrous | organisms that undergo sequential hermaprhoditism in which the organism is a male first | 14 | |
| 153236141 | dioecious | the condition in which females and males are separate | 15 | |
| 153236142 | spawning | fertilization that occurs in wet environments in which union of sperm and egg takes place outside the bodies of the parents | 16 | |
| 153236143 | amplexus | external fertilization in which females release eggs and males release cloud of sperm over them while mounting a pose | 17 | |
| 153236144 | copulation | male deposits sperm directly into female's reproductive tract (internal fertilization) | 18 | |
| 153244135 | seminiferous tubules | where does the continuous non-stop process of spermatogenesis take place in the testes? | 19 | |
| 153244136 | sertoli cells | what provides nutrients in the testes and regulates sperm production? | 20 | |
| 153244137 | 4 haploid sperm | what is developed from 1 spermatogonium? | 21 | |
| 153244138 | epididymis | what stores sperm? | 22 | |
| 153244139 | vas deferens | what connects testes to the urethra? | 23 | |
| 153244140 | interstitial cells | where does testosterone production take place at puberty? | 24 | |
| 153244141 | oogonia | in the female fetus cells in the ovaries become.... | 25 | |
| 153244142 | primary oocyte | at the third month of development the cells in the ovaries become... | 26 | |
| 153244143 | fallopian tubes | what is the site of fertilization of eggs? | 27 | |
| 153244144 | oogenesis | formation of egg cells via meiosis | 28 | |
| 153244145 | corpus luteum | produces estrogens and progesterone, developed from remnants of ruptured follicle | 29 | |
| 153244146 | inhibits development of follicles, stimulates growth of uterine lining | the combination of estrogens + progesterone causes what? | 30 | |
| 153244147 | endocrine system | controls internal environment, growth and development, gamete production, and regulates metabolism? | 31 | |
| 153244148 | exocrine and endocrine | what are the two major types of glands? | 32 | |
| 153244149 | exocrine | these glands secrete products into ducts that empty into lumens of organs (sweat, oil, digestive glands) | 33 | |
| 153244150 | endocrine | these glands secrete hormones into the bloodstream (pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pineal, thymus) | 34 | |
| 153244151 | negative feedback | how is the amount and duration of hormone secretion regulated? | 35 | |
| 153244152 | receptors on target cell | where do nonsteroid hormones first messengers attach? | 36 | |
| 153244153 | chemical message, second messenger | what does the attachment of first messengers to receptors on target cell produce? | 37 | |
| 153244154 | synergistic | effects of two or more hormones working together (ex: milk production) | 38 | |
| 153244155 | antagonistic | effect of one hormone that opposes the other | 39 | |
| 153244156 | steroids, amines, proteins/peptides | what are the three classes of hormones? | 40 | |
| 153244157 | steroids | the class of hormones that are derived from cholesterol and are fat soluble so they move through plasma membrane? | 41 | |
| 153244158 | amines | the class of hormones that are modified from Tyrosine and are water soluble so can't go through plasma membrane | 42 | |
| 153244159 | amines | epinephrine, norepinephrine, thyroid hormones | 43 | |
| 153244160 | proteins and peptides | the class of hormones that are made through dehydration synthesis and are water soluble so can't go through plasma membrane? | 44 | |
| 153627344 | posterior pituitary | where are the hormones ADH and oxytocin stored? | 45 | |
| 153627345 | ADH and oxytocin | what are the two hormones made by the hypothalamus? | 46 | |
| 153627346 | tropic hormones | hormones that were secreted into the blood and transported to the anterior pituitary or adenohypophysis | 47 | |
| 153627347 | GH hormone | which hormone causes the uptake of amino acids and promotes protein synthesis | 48 | |
| 153633110 | thyroid | consists of two lobes located on the ventral surface of the trachea | 49 | |
| 153633111 | thyroid | produces two iodine-containing hormones | 50 | |
| 153633112 | hyperthyroidism | the excessive secretion of thyroid hormones which causes Graves' disease in humans | 51 | |
| 153633113 | PTH and calcitonin | what are the two antagonistic hormones that play a major role in calcium homeostasis in mammas? | 52 | |
| 153633114 | insulin | the hormone that lowers blood sugar levels | 53 | |
| 153633115 | glucagon | the hormone that increases sugar levels | 54 | |
| 153633116 | adrenal medulla and cortex | what are the two glands that make up the adrenal glands? | 55 | |
| 153633117 | pineal gland | which gland is located within the brain and secretes melatonin? | 56 | |
| 153633118 | melatonin | the hormone that helps regulate circadian rhythm | 57 | |
| 153660637 | left ventricle out the aorta | how does the heart pump oxygenated blood? | 58 | |
| 153660638 | vena cava | how does deoxygenated blood return to the heart? | 59 | |
| 153660639 | arteries | carries blood away from the heart | 60 | |
| 153660640 | veins | carries blood towards the heart | 61 | |
| 153660641 | left ventricle | what is the thickest, most muscular part of the heart because it must get blood to the rest of the body? | 62 | |
| 153660642 | SA node | "pacemaker" generates nerve pulses to set tempo | 63 | |
| 153660643 | SA node | located in the wall of right atrium where the superior vena cava enters | 64 | |
| 153660644 | AV node | located in the wall between the right atrium and the right ventricle; has 0.1 second delay | 65 | |
| 153660645 | systole | contraction phase | 66 | |
| 153660646 | diastole | relaxation phase | 67 | |
| 153660647 | heart murmurs | produced when blood escapes between the heart sections | 68 | |
| 153660648 | endothelium | what are blood vessels made of? | 69 | |
| 153660649 | endo/exocytosis and diffusion | how do capillaries transport materials across membrane? | 70 | |
| 153660650 | lymphatic system | picks up loss fluid and drains it back into the circulatory system | 71 | |
| 153660651 | lymph nodes | these make leukocytes and filter fluid from the body | 72 | |
| 153660652 | tracheae | tiny air tubes that come in contact with all cells; openings are spiracles; used by insects | 73 | |
| 153660653 | larynx | upper part of respiratory tract | 74 | |
| 153660654 | trachea | windpipe | 75 | |
| 153660655 | bronchi | tubes to lungs | 76 | |
| 153660656 | diaphragm | breathing muscle | 77 | |
| 153660657 | tidal volume | amount of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath | 78 | |
| 153660658 | vital capacity | maximum tidal volume during forced breathing | 79 | |
| 153660659 | hemocyanin | found in hemolymph and functions in oxygen transport | 80 | |
| 153660660 | hemoglobin | in vertebrates used for oxygen transport | 81 | |
| 153660661 | copper | hemocyanin is based on... | 82 | |
| 153660662 | iron | hemoglobin is based on... | 83 | |
| 153660663 | bicarbonate ions | what makes up 70% of carbon dioxide transport? | 84 | |
| 153660664 | hemoglobin | what makes up 23% of carbon dioxide transport? | 85 | |
| 153660665 | blood plasma | what makes up 7% of carbon dioxide transport? | 86 | |
| 153660666 | myoglobin | what do deep-diving air-breathers use which is an oxygen storing protein? | 87 | |
| 153717696 | amylase | enzyme that breaks down starches in diet | 88 | |
| 153717697 | pepsin | main digestive enzyme of the stomach that breaks down proteins | 89 | |
| 153717698 | lipase | major fat digesting enzyme of the stomach that breaks down proteins | 90 | |
| 153717699 | interferons | substances secreted by cells invaded by viruses that stimulate neighboring cells to produce proteins that help them defend against the viruses | 91 | |
| 153717700 | phagocytes | white blood cells that engulf pathogens and damaged cells | 92 | |
| 153717701 | cell-mediated response | uses mostly T cells and responds to any nonself cell which undergoes clonal selection | 93 | |
| 153717702 | humoral response | uses most cells and response to antigens or pathogens that are circulating in the lymph or blood | 94 | |
| 153717703 | cytokines | secreted to activate lymphocytes and other cells of the immune system | 95 |
