Terms : Hide Images
| 6135281866 | operon | consist of a promoter, an operator, and a cluster of genes that control gene regulation in a common pathway, "on and off" switches | 0 | |
| 6135281867 | repressible operon | operon that is normally on because the repressor is inactive | 1 | |
| 6135281868 | inducible operon | operon that is normally off because the repressor is active | 2 | |
| 6135281869 | structural gene | genes to be expressed | 3 | |
| 6135281870 | operator | a segment of DNA in the promoter region that acts as an on or off "switch" | 4 | |
| 6135281871 | repressor | a protein that binds to the operator to switch the operon off | 5 | |
| 6135281872 | inducer | inactivates the repressor (turns on the operon) | 6 | |
| 6135281873 | regulatory gene | codes for the production of the repressor protein and is found upstream of the operon | 7 | |
| 6135281874 | corepressor | works with the repressor to turn off the operon | 8 | |
| 6135281875 | catabolite activator protein (CAP) | activator of transcription, binds to cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) when sugar is scarce which *increases the affinity of RNA polymerase and accelerates transcription of lactose* | 9 | |
| 6135281876 | cellular differentiation | the formation of cells that are specialized in structure and function | 10 | |
| 6135281877 | histone acetylation | the process of acetyl groups attaching to histone tails (opens up chromatin structure) | 11 | |
| 6135281878 | DNA methylation | adding a methyl group to cytosine bases during replication, associated with inactivation of genes and reduced transcription | 12 | |
| 6135281879 | enhancer | groups of distal control elements located upstream of downstream from a gene or within an intron | 13 | |
| 6135281880 | activator | a specific protein that binds to an enhancer to stimulate gene transcription | 14 | |
| 6135281881 | transcription factors | some act as repressors by blocking the binding of activators or binding to an enhancer | 15 | |
| 6135281882 | RNA interference | the phenomenon of inhibition of gene expression by non-coding RNA molecules (a technique used to silence the expression of selected genes) | 16 | |
| 6135281883 | RNA polymerase | an enzyme that links ribonucleotides into a growing RNA chain during transcription | 17 | |
| 6135281884 | miRNA | a.k.a. microRNA, associates with one or more proteins in a complex that can degrade or prevent translation of an mRNA with a complementary sequence | 18 | |
| 6135281885 | siRNA | a.k.a. small interfering RNA, associates with one or more proteins in a complex that can degrade or prevent translation of an mRNA with a complementary sequence | 19 | |
| 6135281886 | cytoplasmic determinants | a maternal substance that when placed into an egg influences the course of early development by regulating the expression of genes that affect the developmental fate of cells | 20 | |
| 6135281887 | induction | the process in which one group of embryonic cells influences the development of another, usually by causing changes in gene epression | 21 | |
| 6135281888 | morphogenesis | the cellular and tissue based processes by which an animal body takes shape | 22 | |
| 6135281889 | proto-oncogene | a normal cellular gene that has the potential to become an oncogene | 23 | |
| 6135281890 | ras gene | a gene that codes for Ras (a G protein that relays a growth signal from a growth factor receptor on the plasma membrane to a cascade of protein kinases) ultimately resulting in stimulation of the cell cycle | 24 | |
| 6135281891 | tumor suppressor gene | a gene whose protein product inhibits cell division thereby preventing the uncontrolled cell growth that contributes to cancer | 25 | |
| 6135281892 | p53 gene | a tumor suppressor gene that codes for a specific transcription factor that promotes the synthesis of proteins that inhibit the cell cycle | 26 | |
| 6135281893 | negative feedback | inhibits expression | 27 | |
| 6135281894 | positive feedback | activates expression | 28 | |
| 6135281895 | feedback inhibition | concentration of substances present in cell either inhibit or activate expression | 29 | |
| 6135281896 | catabolic | lac operon | 30 | |
| 6135281897 | anabolic | trp operon | 31 | |
| 6135281898 | heterochromatin | harder transcription initiation | 32 | |
| 6135281899 | epigenetics | the field of science that studies heritable changes caused by the activation and deactivation of genes without any change in the underlying DNA sequence of the organism | 33 | |
| 6135281900 | epigenome | the chemical compounds that modify or mark the DNA and change the way genes are expressed | 34 | |
| 6135281901 | alternative DNA splicing | produces different mRNA molecules when different segments of the mRNA are chosen as introns or exons | 35 | |
| 6135281902 | chromatin modification | promotes the formation of heterochromatin in certain regions blocking transcription | 36 | |
| 6135281903 | cell division | the production of large numbers of cells | 37 | |
| 6135281904 | determination | the condition in which a cell is irreversibly committed to its fate, even if it has not developed its final structure | 38 | |
| 6135281905 | pattern formation | the development of a spatial organization of tissues and organs into their locations under the control of body plan genes | 39 | |
| 6135281906 | positional information | molecular cues provided by cytoplasmic determinants and inductive signals | 40 | |
| 6135281907 | HOX genes (homeotic genes) | primary genes responsible for head to toe formation | 41 | |
| 6135281908 | oncogenes | cancer causing cells | 42 | |
| 6135281909 | amplification | increasing the number of copies of the gene | 43 | |
| 6135281910 | tumor viruses | viruses that insert their DNA into the host DNA near a proto-oncogene | 44 | |
| 6135281911 | ectoderm | skin/nervous system | 45 | |
| 6135281912 | mesoderm | muscles | 46 | |
| 6135281913 | endoderm | digestive system | 47 |
