Terms : Hide Images
| 9568423010 | First Line of Defense | Nonspecific barrier to keep out pathogens ex: skin, stomach acid, mucous membrane, cilia |  | 0 |
| 9568423011 | Second Line of Defense | Nonspecific defense and inflammatory response initiated by chemical signals to attack and isolate invading pathogens | 1 | |
| 9568423012 | Inflammatory Response | Vasodilation, phagocytosis, and increase in body temperature |  | 2 |
| 9568423013 | Histamines | chemical signals that trigger vasodilation, increasing blood supply to area | 3 | |
| 9568423014 | Phagocytes | White blood cells that engulf invading pathogens e.g., neutrophils, macrophages | 4 | |
| 9568423015 | Specific immunity | B and T cells; humoral and cell-mediated response | 5 | |
| 9568423016 | Adaptive immunity | Specific immunity | 6 | |
| 9568423017 | Lymphocyte | White blood cell |  | 7 |
| 9568423018 | B Cells | Humoral response by producing antibodies; activated by T cells or free antigens | 8 | |
| 9568423019 | T Cells | Cell-mediated response, stimulating by APCs | 9 | |
| 9568423020 | Helper T Cell | Set off an alarm to the immune system that pathogens have broken through the body's line of defense; binds to class II MHC |  | 10 |
| 9568423021 | Cytotoxic T Cell | Kills body cells that have been infected with pathogens; stimulated by antigens and helper T-cells |  | 11 |
| 9568423022 | Macrophages | APC that engulfs large numbers of pathogens; presents antigen to activate T cells |  | 12 |
| 9568423023 | MHC I | molecules found on every body cell that presents antigen; signals cytotoxic T to destroy | 13 | |
| 9568423024 | Memory Cells | Responsible for lifelong immunity by storing copy B and T cells to more quickly fight secondary infection |  | 14 |
| 9568423025 | Antibody | Y-shaped protein with variable antigen bind region; slows pathogens to facilitate destruction |  | 15 |
| 9568423026 | Antigen | Identifying marker on the outside of a pathogen |  | 16 |
| 9568423027 | Passive Immunity | Temporary immunity where antibodies are transferred from another animal ex: mother transfers some of her antibodies to her nursing child | 17 | |
| 9568423028 | Autoimmune disease | A mistake in the immune system where the body does not properly distinguish self from nonself | 18 | |
| 9568423029 | lysozyme | antibacterial enzyme | 19 | |
| 9568423030 | Kidney | In humans, the major organ that regulates excretion | 20 | |
| 9568423031 | Nephrons | Each kidney is made up of a million tiny structures called neprons. Parts of the nephron: The Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle, the distal convoluted tubule, the collecting duct | 21 | |
| 9568423032 | Bowman's capsule | Part of the renal cortex (outer most part of the nephron), blood enters the nephron through the Bowman's capsule | 22 | |
| 9568423033 | loop of Henle | from the proximal convoluted tubule, the filtrate passes through the loop of henle | 23 | |
| 9568423034 | vasopressin (antidiuretic hormones) | allows water to be reabsorbed from the collecting duct | 24 | |
| 9568423035 | aldosterone | Responsible for regulating sodium reabsorption at the distal convoluted tubule | 25 | |
| 9568423036 | skin | an excretory organ that gets rid of excess water and salts from the body, primary function is to regulate body temperature. Has three layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue | 26 | |
| 9568423037 | Functions of Kidneys | 1) Maintain proper volume of extracellular fluid (blood and interstitial fluid) 2) Maintain ionic balance in extracellular fluid 3) Maintain pH and osmotic concentration of the extracellular fluid 4) Excrete toxic metabolic by-products such as urea, ammonia, and uric acid | 27 | |
| 9568423038 | Filtration | Involves glomerulus (passive process) | 28 | |
| 9568423039 | Diabetes Mellitus | Insulin deficiency; sweet urine. Glucose cannot enter cells of the body and thus are excreted through urine. | 29 |
