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AP Biology Lipids Flashcards

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14895913071LipidsEnergy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.0
14895913072Lipids containC, H, O1
14895913073Lipids do not formpolymers2
14895913074Triglyceridesan energy-rich compound made up of a single molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid.3
14895913075Phospholipidsa lipid consisting of a glycerol bound to two fatty acids and a phosphate group.4
14895913076Steroidslipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings5
14895913077WaxesA type of lipid molecule consisting of one fatty acid linked to an alcohol; functions as a waterproof coating on many biological surfaces such as apples and other fruits.6
14895913078functions of lipids1. long-term energy storage 2. act as structural components of cell membranes 3. provide insulation -Hormone control -Protection as a shock absorber -Solvent -Buoyancy7
14895913079GlycerolA three-carbon alcohol to which fatty acids are covalently bonded to make fats and oils.8
14895913080ester linkagea bond between a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group9
14895913081dehydration synthesisCondensation reaction where molecules are connected by loss of a water molecule.10
14895913082saturated fatty acidA fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds, thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.11
14895913083unsaturated fatty acidA fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.12
14895913084monosaturated fatty acidA fatty acid with ONLY one double bond between carbon atoms13
14895913085polyunsaturated fatty acida fatty acid containing two or more carbon-carbon double bonds14
14895913086bubblemicelle15
14895913087micellelipid molecules that arrange themselves in a spherical form in aqueous solutions16

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