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AP Biology Membrane Structure and Function Flashcards

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7986694882Fluid Mosaic ModelModel that says the membrane is a phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded.0
7986713806Phospholipid Bilayer2 layers of phospholipids with proteins embedded.1
7986729318CholesterolLipid that stiffens and strengthens the membrane.2
7986752113GlycolipidsCarbohydrate chains attached to phospholipids.3
7986763094GlycoproteinsCarbohydrate chains attached to proteins.4
7986775059Channel proteinProteins involved in the passage of molecules through the membrane. They have a channel that allow substances to move across the membrane.5
7986795617Carrier proteinProteins that combine with substances and help them move across the membrane.6
7986816751Cell Recognition ProteinsGlycoproteins that help the body recognize when it is being invaded by pathogens.7
7986828755Receptor ProteinsProteins that have a specific shape that allows a specific molecule to bind to it.8
7986840003Enzymatic ProteinsProteins that carry out metabolic reactions directly.9
7986851294Differentially PermeableCertain substances can move across the membrane, while others cannot.10
7987304978Concentration GrandientThe difference of concentration throughout a space.11
7987331712DiffusionThe movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.12
7987651097SolutionContains both a solute, usually a solid, and a solute, usually a liquid.13
7987664293SoluteThe substance being dissolved.14
7987668212SolventThe substance doing the dissolving.15
7987673374OsmosisThe movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.16
7987684835Osmotic pressurePressure that develops in a system due to osmosis.17
7987719778Isotonic SolutionThe solute concentration and the water concentration are the same both inside and outside the cell.18
7987730895Hypotonic SolutionThe solution has a lower concentration of solute than the cell.19
7987741520Hypertonic SolutionThe solution has a higher concentration of solute than the cell.20
7987748936Turgor PressureThe swelling of plant cells in a hypotonic solution.21
7987764798Contractile VacuoleSpecialized vacuoles in protists that pump out excess water.22
7987776458PlasmolysisA shrinking of the cytoplasm in plant cells due to osmosis.23
7987788548Facilitated TransportPassage of molecules across the membrane with the help of a carrier protein. Does not require energy.24
7987825016Active TransportMolecules or ions move through the membrane, accumulating either inside or outside the membrane. Transport requiring energy.25
7987852019Sodium/Potassium PumpPumps three Na ions into the cell and 2 K ions out of the cell.26
7987875364ExocytosisA vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane as secretion occur. Substances go out of the cell.27
7987885367EndocytosisCells take in substances by vesicle formation. Substances go into the cell.28
7987893287PhagocytosisCell eating.29
7987899491PinocytosisCell drinking.30
7987909347Receptor-mediated endocytosisForm of pinocytosis in which specific molecules such as a vitamin or peptide hormone bind to it.31
7987940234Adhesion JunctionsA type of anchoring junction where internal cytoplasmic plaques are joined by intercellular filaments.32
7987965275DesmosomeA single point of attachment between adjacent cells connects the cytoskeletons of adjacent cell. Most common type of junction between skin cells.33
7994654687PlasmodesmataNumerous narrow membrane-lined channels that connect the cytoplasm of plant cells.34
7994671817Tight JunctionsPlasma membrane proteins attach to each other producing a zipperlike fastening.35
7994784473Gap JunctionAllows cells to communicate. Formed when two identical plasma membranes join.36

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