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AP Biology - Metabolism (8) Flashcards

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7625887811MetabolismThe totality of an organism's chemical reactions0
7625887812Catabolic pathwaysAn metabolic pathway that releases energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler molecules1
7625887813Anabolic pathwaysA metabolic pathway that consumes energy to synthesize a complex molecule from simpler molecules2
7625887814Kinetic energyThe energy associated with the relative motion of objects3
7625887815Potential energyThe energy that matter possesses as a result of its location or spartial arrangement4
7625887816ThermodynamicsThe study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter5
7625887817First law of thermodynamicsThe principle of conservation of energy: energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed6
7625887818EntropyA measure of disorder or randomness7
7625887819Second law of thermodynamicsThe principal stating that every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Usable forms of energy are at least partially converted to heat8
7625887820Spontaneous processA process that occurs without an overall input of energy; a process that is energetically favorable9
7625887821Free energyThe portion of a biological systems energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system.10
7625887822Exergonic reactionA spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy11
7625887823Endergonic reactionA non spontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings12
7625887825ATP (adenosine triphosphate)a molecule that releases free energy when it's phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells!13
7625887827EnzymeA catalyst; a chemical agent that increases the rate of reaction without being consumed by the reaction; most enzymes are proteins14
7625887829Activation energyThe amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start15
7625887830SubstrateThe reactant on which an enzyme works16
7625887831Enzyme-substrate complexA temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate molecule(s)17
7625887832Active siteThe specific region of an enzyme that binds with the substrate and that forms the pocket and which catalysts occurred18
7625887835Competitive inhibitorsA substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate, whose structure it mimics19
7625887836Noncompetitive inhibitorsA substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site, changing the enzymes shape so that the active site no longer effectively catalyzes the conversion of substrate to product20
7625887837Allosteric regulationThe Binding of a regulatory molecule to a protein at one site that affects the function of the protein at a different site21
7625887839Feedback inhibitionThe regulation of a process by its output or end product22

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