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AP Biology Nervous System Flashcards

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6712719344neuronmain cell of the nervous system0
6712719345glial cellscells that support neurons (ex: Schwann cells)1
6712719346cell bodycontains nucleus of the neuron2
6712719347dendritereceive stimuli; highly branched extensions3
6712719348axonconduct and propagate impulses4
6712719349Schwann cellcreates the myelin sheath5
6712719350node of Ranviergap between myelin sheaths that expose the axon, help accelerate impulses6
6712719351sensory neuronpick up stimuli from the environment and send to the brain7
6712719352motor neuronsends impulses to muscles to create movement8
6712719353interneuronneurons in the CNS that communicate internally and connect sensory to motor neurons; are responsible for reflexes9
6712719354resting potentialmembrane potential of a neuron that is not firing, -70 mV10
6712719355sodium-potassium pumpprotein that uses active transport to move 3 Na out of the membrane and 2 K in, which resets the neuron to resting potential11
6712719356action potentialrapid change in the voltage between the membrane of a neuron in response to a stimulus12
6712719357thresholdthe voltage needed to open the voltage gated Na channels and start the unstoppable flow of Na into the cell, -55 mV13
6712719358depolarizationthe massive influx of Na causes the cell's voltage to become less negative, all the way up to 35 mV14
6712719359repolarizationNa channels close and K channels open, which allows K out of cell so the cell is more negative15
6712719360hyperpolarizationbecause K channels are slow to close, the voltage reaches -80 mV, and causes the Na/K pump to reset the neuron16
6712719361refractory periodperiod where the neuron resets using the Na/K pump before a neuron can be fired again17
6712719362synapsetransmission of information is from one neuron to the next18
6712719363neurotransmittermolecule that neurons use in synaptic transmission19
6712719364synaptic vesiclehold the neurotransmitters in the presynaptic neuron20
6712719365postsynaptic receptorreceive neurotransmitters and open Na gated ion channels to start another action potential21
6712719366synaptic cleftspace between the pre and postsynaptic neurons22
6712719367myelin sheathinsulates the axon and speeds transmission of the impulse23
6712719368afferent pathwaysignal received from outside your nervous system and conducted toward it24
6712719369efferent pathwaycarry signals away from the central nervous system toward muscle cells or glandular cells25
6712719370dopamineneurotransmitter that controls the brain's reward and pleasure center26
6712719371serotoninneurotransmitter responsible for maintaining mood balance27
6712719372GABAneurotransmitter that inhibits nerve impulse from being transmitted28
6712719373ion-gated channelsproteins responsible for allowing sodium or potassium to diffuse into or out of the axon29
6712719374sodiumion responsible for depolarization30
6712719375potassiumion responsible for repolarization31
6712719376calciumion that signals vesicles to release neurotransmitters32

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