Terms : Hide Images
| 9790061698 | neuron | main cell of the nervous system |  | 0 |
| 9790061699 | glial cells | cells that support neurons (ex: Schwann cells) |  | 1 |
| 9790061700 | cell body | contains nucleus of the neuron |  | 2 |
| 9790061701 | dendrite | receive stimuli; highly branched extensions |  | 3 |
| 9790061702 | axon | conduct and propagate impulses |  | 4 |
| 9790061703 | Schwann cell | creates the myelin sheath |  | 5 |
| 9790061704 | node of Ranvier | gap between myelin sheaths that expose the axon, help accelerate impulses |  | 6 |
| 9790061705 | sensory neuron | pick up stimuli from the environment and send to the brain |  | 7 |
| 9790061706 | motor neuron | sends impulses to muscles to create movement |  | 8 |
| 9790061707 | interneuron | neurons in the CNS that communicate internally and connect sensory to motor neurons; are responsible for reflexes |  | 9 |
| 9790061708 | resting potential | membrane potential of a neuron that is not firing, -70 mV |  | 10 |
| 9790061709 | sodium-potassium pump | protein that uses active transport to move 3 Na out of the membrane and 2 K in, which resets the neuron to resting potential | 11 | |
| 9790061710 | action potential | rapid change in the voltage between the membrane of a neuron in response to a stimulus | 12 | |
| 9790061711 | threshold | the voltage needed to open the voltage gated Na channels and start the unstoppable flow of Na into the cell, -55 mV | 13 | |
| 9790061712 | depolarization | the massive influx of Na causes the cell's voltage to become less negative, all the way up to 35 mV | 14 | |
| 9790061713 | repolarization | Na channels close and K channels open, which allows K out of cell so the cell is more negative | 15 | |
| 9790061714 | hyperpolarization | because K channels are slow to close, the voltage reaches -80 mV, and causes the Na/K pump to reset the neuron | 16 | |
| 9790061715 | refractory period | period where the neuron resets using the Na/K pump before a neuron can be fired again | 17 | |
| 9790061716 | synapse | transmission of information is from one neuron to the next |  | 18 |
| 9790061717 | neurotransmitter | molecule that neurons use in synaptic transmission |  | 19 |
| 9790061718 | synaptic vesicle | hold the neurotransmitters in the presynaptic neuron |  | 20 |
| 9790061719 | postsynaptic receptor | receive neurotransmitters and open Na gated ion channels to start another action potential |  | 21 |
| 9790061720 | synaptic cleft | space between the pre and postsynaptic neurons |  | 22 |
| 9790061721 | myelin sheath | insulates the axon and speeds transmission of the impulse | 23 | |
| 9790061722 | afferent pathway | signal received from outside your nervous system and conducted toward it | 24 | |
| 9790061723 | efferent pathway | carry signals away from the central nervous system toward muscle cells or glandular cells | 25 | |
| 9790061724 | dopamine | neurotransmitter that controls the brain's reward and pleasure center | 26 | |
| 9790061725 | serotonin | neurotransmitter responsible for maintaining mood balance | 27 | |
| 9790061726 | GABA | neurotransmitter that inhibits nerve impulse from being transmitted | 28 | |
| 9790061727 | ion-gated channels | proteins responsible for allowing sodium or potassium to diffuse into or out of the axon | 29 | |
| 9790061728 | sodium | ion responsible for depolarization | 30 | |
| 9790061729 | potassium | ion responsible for repolarization | 31 | |
| 9790061730 | calcium | ion that signals vesicles to release neurotransmitters | 32 |
