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AP Biology- Organelles Flashcards

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7667725518Cell MembraneFound in all cells, a membrane enclosing the cell and used for support, protection, and controls the movement of materials in and out out of the cell. Made of a phospholipid bilayer.0
7667725519Cell WallFound in Plants, Fungi, and Bacteria. It is the outer layer of the cell that maintains the cell's shape and protects the cell. Made primarily of cellulose.1
7667725520NucleusFound in all cells except prokaryotic cells. It is a membrane bound structure that controls the cell's hereditary info and controls the cells growth and reproduction.2
7667725521Chromatin/ ChromosomesFound in plants and animals. Material consisting of DNA and proteins; visible ad individual chromosomes in a dividing cell. Makes organisms what they are.3
7667725522NucleolusNonmembranous organelle involved in the production of ribosomes; the nucleus may have one or more nucleoli.4
7667725523Nuclear EnvelopeFound in all cells except prokaryotic cells. It is a double membrane enclosing the nucleus and is perforated with pores. It controls the movement of materials in and out of cells.5
7667725524CytoskeletonFound in all cells, reinforces the cell's shape. Functions in cell movement; Made of protein. Includes -> microfilaments, intermediate Filaments, microtubules. Moves organelles within cells.6
7667725525MicrotubulesFound in all eukaryotic cells; component of cytoskeleton found throughout cytoplasm. Helps support and shape the cell and is the route along which organelles move.7
7667725526Microfilaments(Actin filaments) Found in all eukaryotic Cells. The thinnest filaments of cytoskeleton found in cytoplasm. Works with microtubules to form structure that allows cells to hold shape, move itself, and move its organelles.8
7667725527RibosomesFound in all cells. Complexes that make proteins; free in cytosol or bound to rough ER or nuclear envelope.9
7667725528Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum(RER) All cells except prokaryotes; looks like sheets or disks; important in synthesis and packing proteins; ribosomes attached to membrane (makes it rough); attached to nuclear envelope, move a molecule through both membranes. Function: packages and transport all proteins.10
7667725529Smooth Endoplasmic ReticulumFound in all eukaryotic cells ; storage organelle, creates lipids and steroids then stores them11
7667725530Golgi ApparatusFound in eukaryotic cells ; organelle active in synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of cell products; have cis and trans face; modifies proteins made by cell.12
7667725531LysosomesFound in animals, digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed. Breaks down waste and cellular debris. Digest excess older organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria.13
7667725532VacuolesFound in plants (1 large permanent vacuole) and found in animals (many small vacuoles); prominent organelle in older plant cell; functions include storage, breakdown of waste products, hydrolysis of macromolecules, enlargement of vacuole is a major mechanism of plant growth; large containers; contains cellular waste and isolate materials harmful to cell.14
7667725533ChloroplastsIn plants and algae; photosynthetic organelle; converts energy of sunlight into chemical energy stored in sugar molecules; sight of aerobic cellular respiration; breaks done sugar (glucose) to release energy.15
7667725534MitochondriaFound in all cells except prokaryotic cells; organelle where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP in generated. Use sun's energy to make glucose, photosynthesis, releases oxygen.16
7667725535PeroxisomeFound in nearly all eukaryotic cells; organelles with various specialize metabolic functions; produces hydrogen peroxide as a by-product that converts it into water.17
7667725536CytosolFound in all cells. Inner fluid portion of the cell that makes up cytoplasm along with organelles and other nutrients. No single function18
7667753617VesicleA membranous sac in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell.19
7667763082ExocytosisSecretion of molecules20
7667765119EndocytosisCellular uptake of molecules; phagocytosis is an example21
7667841885NucleoidNon-membrane bound area of a prokaryotic cell where its chromosome is located22

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