Terms : Hide Images
| 9557221597 | shoot system | the aerial portion of a plant body, consisting of stems, leaves. and flowers. | 0 | |
| 9557221598 | root | an organ in vascular plants that anchors the plant and enables it to absorb water and minerals from the soil |  | 1 |
| 9557221599 | ground tissue system | plant tissues that are neither vascular nor dermal, fulfilling a variety of functions, such as storage, photosynthesis, and support | 2 | |
| 9557221600 | vascular tissue | plant tissue consisting of cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body |  | 3 |
| 9557221601 | apical meristem | embryonic plant tissue in the tips of roots and the buds of shoots. The dividing cells of an apical meristem enable the plant to grow in length |  | 4 |
| 9557221602 | lateral meristem | a meristem that thickens the roots and shoots of woody plants. The vascular cambium and cork cambium are lateral meristems | 5 | |
| 9557221603 | vascular cambium | a cylinder of meristematic tissue in woody plants that adds layers of secondary vascular tissue called secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem | 6 | |
| 9557221604 | cork cambium | a cylinder of meristematic tissue in woody plants that replaces the epidermis with thicker, tougher cork cells. | 7 | |
| 9557221605 | parenchyma | a relatively unspecialized plant cell type that carries out most of the metabolism, synthesizes and stores organic products, and develops into more differentiated cell type | 8 | |
| 9557221606 | collenchyma | a flexible plant cell type that occurs in strands or cylinders that support young parts of the plant without restraining growth | 9 | |
| 9557221607 | sclerenchyma | type of ground-tissue cell with an extremely thick, rigid cell wall that makes ground tissue tough and strong | 10 | |
| 9557221608 | pectin | any of various water-soluble colloidal carbohydrates that occur in ripe fruit and vegetables | 11 | |
| 9557221609 | xylem | the woody part of plants: the supporting and water-conducting tissue, consisting primarily of tracheids and vessels | 12 | |
| 9557221610 | phloem | vascular plant tissue consisting of living cells arranged into elongated tubes that transport sugar and other organic nutrients throughout the plant | 13 | |
| 9557221611 | lignin | a complex polymer | 14 | |
| 9557221612 | tracheids | A water-conducting and supportive element of xylem composed of long, thin cells with tapered ends and walls hardened with lignin. | 15 | |
| 9557221613 | vessel members | xylem cells shorter and wider than tracheids, long and tapered | 16 | |
| 9557221614 | sieve-tube cells | cylindrical cells lacking nuclei and with perforated sides and end walls that allow the movement of phloem sap between cells | 17 | |
| 9557221615 | companion cells | a type of plant cell that os connected to a sieve- tube element by many plasmodesmata and whose nucleus and ribosomes may serve one or more adjacent sieve-tube elements | 18 | |
| 9557221616 | epidermis | the dermal tissue system of non-woody plants, usually consisting of a single layer of tightly packed cells. | 19 | |
| 9557221617 | cuticle | a waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that acts as an adaptation that prevents desiccation in terrestrial plants. | 20 | |
| 9557221618 | stomata | the small openings on the undersides of most leaves through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move |  | 21 |
| 9557221619 | guard cells | The two cells that flank the stomatal pore and regulate the opening and closing of the pore. |  | 22 |
| 9557221620 | periderm | the protective coat that replaces the epidermis in woody plants during secondary growth, formed of the cork and cork cambium | 23 | |
| 9557221621 | pith | ground tissue that is internal to the vascular tissue in a stem; in many monocot roots, parenchyma cells that form the central core of the vascular cylinder | 24 | |
| 9557221622 | mesophyll | specialized ground tissue that makes up the bulk of most leaves; performs most of a plant's photosynthesis |  | 25 |
| 9557221623 | taproot system | A root system common to eudicots consisting of one large, vertical root (the taproot) that produces many smaller lateral, or branch, roots. |  | 26 |
| 9557221624 | fibrous root system | fiber: a lignified cell type that reinforces the xylem of angiosperms and functions in mechanical support; a slender, tapered sclerenchyma cell that usually occurs in bundles |  | 27 |
| 9557221625 | vascular cylinder | central region of a root that includes the vascular tissue-xylem and phloem | 28 | |
| 9557221626 | root cap | thimble-shaped mass of cells covering and protecting the growing tip of a root |  | 29 |
| 9557221627 | root hairs | tiny hair-like extensions that increase the surface area of the root allowing it to absorbs more water and nurtients |  | 30 |
| 9557221628 | pericycle | the outermost layer in the vascular cylinder from which lateral roots arise | 31 | |
| 9557221629 | endodermis | the innermost layer of the cortex in plant roots; a cylinder one cell thick that forms the boundary between the cortex and the vascular cylinder | 32 | |
| 9557221630 | bark | all tissues external to the vascular cambium, consisting mainly of the secondary phloem and layers of periderm | 33 | |
| 9557221631 | lenticels | Small raised areas in the bark of stems and roots that enable gas exchange between living cells and the outside air. |  | 34 |
| 9557221632 | heartwood | the older inactive central wood of a tree or woody plant |  | 35 |
| 9557221633 | sapwood | newly formed outer wood lying between the cambium and the heartwood of a tree or woody plant | 36 | |
| 9557221634 | casparian strip | a water impermeable ring of was in the endodermal cells of plants that blocks the passive flow of water and solutes into the stele by way of cell walls | 37 | |
| 9557221635 | root nodules | swellings on roots; contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria | 38 | |
| 9557221636 | mycorrhizae | symbiotic relationships between fungal hyphae and plant roots |  | 39 |
| 9557221637 | transpiration | the passage of gases through fine tubes because of differences in pressure or temperature |  | 40 |
| 9557221638 | cohesion-tension theory | cohesion: the binding together of like molecules. often by hydrogen bonds | 41 | |
| 9557221639 | translocation | The process by which organic substances move through the phloem of a plant | 42 | |
| 9557221640 | pressure flow theory | the best-supported theory to explain the movement of food through the phloem. A high concentration of organic substance inside cells of the phloem at a source, such as a leaf, creates a diffusion gradient that draws water into the cells. Movement occurs by bulk flow; phloem sap moves from sugar sources to sugar sinks by means of turgor pressure. | 43 | |
| 9557221641 | flower | reproductive organ of angiosperm plants especially one having showy or colorful parts | 44 | |
| 9557221642 | stamen | the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of an anther and a filament |  | 45 |
| 9557221643 | filament | in an angiosperm the stalk portion of the stamen, the pollen0producing reproductive organ of a flower |  | 46 |
| 9557221644 | anther | in an angiosperm, the terminal pollen sac of a stamen, where pollen grains containing sperm-producing male gametophytes form |  | 47 |
| 9557221645 | carpel | the ovule producing organ of a flower, consisting of the stigma, style and ovary |  | 48 |
| 9557221646 | stigma | the sticky part of a flower's carpel, which traps pollen grains |  | 49 |
| 9557221647 | style | the stalk of a flower's carpel, with the ovary at the base and the stigma at the top |  | 50 |
| 9557221648 | ovary | in flowers, the portion of a carpel in which the egg-containing ovules develop |  | 51 |
| 9557221649 | ovule | a structure that develops within the ovary of a seed plant and contains the female gametophyte |  | 52 |
| 9557221650 | sepal | a modified leaf in angiosperms that helps enclose and protect a flower bud before it opens |  | 53 |
| 9557221651 | pollen grain | in seed pants a structure consisting of the male gametophyte enclosed within a pollen wall | 54 | |
| 9557221652 | microspore | a spore from a heterosporous plant species that develops into a male gametophyte | 55 | |
| 9557221653 | megaspore | a spore from a heterosporous plant species that develops into a female gametophyte | 56 | |
| 9557221654 | pollination | the transfer of pollen from male reproductive structures to female reproductive structures in plants | 57 | |
| 9557221655 | cotyledon | a seed leaf of an angiosperm embryo. Some species have one cotyledon, others two. | 58 | |
| 9557221656 | fruit | a mature ovary of a flower. the fruit protects dormant seeds and often aids in their dispersal | 59 | |
| 9557221657 | endosperm | in angiosperms a nutrients-rich tissue formed by the union of a sperm with two polar nuclei during double fertilization. the endosperm provides nourishment to the developing embryo in angiosperm seeds | 60 | |
| 9557221658 | vegetative growth | vegetative reproduction: cloning of plants by asexual means, One stage of plant development, production of nonreproductive leaves, stems, and roots | 61 | |
| 9557221659 | germination | the process whereby seeds or spores sprout and begin to grow | 62 | |
| 9557221660 | imbibition | the physical adsorption of water onto the internal surfaces of structures | 63 | |
| 9557221661 | gibberellins | any of a class of related plant hormones that stimulant growth in the stem and leaves, trigger the termination of seeds and breaking of bud dormancy, and with auxin stimulate fruit development | 64 | |
| 9557221662 | auxins | a term that primarily refers to indoleacetic acid (IAA), a natural plant hormone that has a variety of effects, including cell elongation, root formation, secondary growth, and fruit growth. | 65 | |
| 9557221663 | cytokinins | any of a class of related plant hormones that retard aging and act in concert with auxin to stimulate cell division, influence the pathway of differentiation, and control apical dominance | 66 | |
| 9557221664 | abscisic acid | a plant hormone that slows growth, often antagonizing actions of growth hormones. two of its many effects are to promote seed dormancy and facilitate drought tolerance | 67 | |
| 9557221665 | ethylene | the only gaseous plant hormone. among its many effects are response to mechanical stress, programmed cell death, leaf abscission, and fruit ripening | 68 | |
| 9557221666 | apical dominance | concentration of growth at the tip of a plant shoot, where a terminal bud partially inhibits ancillary bud growth | 69 | |
| 9557221667 | plant tropism | A plant response in which the direction of the response is related from which the stimulus comes. | 70 | |
| 9557221668 | gravitropism | a response of a plant or animal to gravity | 71 | |
| 9557221669 | phototropism | growth of a plant shoot toward or away from the light | 72 | |
| 9557221670 | thigmotropism | plant growth in response to touch | 73 | |
| 9557221671 | photoperiodism | a physiological response to photoperiod, the relative lengths of night and day. and example of photoperiodism is flowering. | 74 | |
| 9557221672 | long-day plants | a plant that flowers only when the light period is longer than critical length | 75 | |
| 9557221673 | short-day plants | a plant that flowers only when the light period is shorter than a critical length | 76 | |
| 9557221674 | day-neutral plants | a plant in which flower formation is not controlled by the photoperiod or day length | 77 | |
| 9557221675 | abscission | a plant hormone that slows growth, often antagonizing actions of growth hormones, two of its many effects are to promote seed dormancy and facilitate drought tolerance. | 78 | |
| 9557221676 | dormancy | a condition typified by extremely low metabolic rate and a suspension of growth and development | 79 |
