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AP Biology: Population Ecology Flashcards

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9433307109populationA group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area0
9433307110age structurePercentage of the population (or number of people of each sex) at each age level in a population.1
9433307111population densityNumber of individuals per unit area2
9433307112exponential growthGrowth of a population in an ideal, unlimited environment, represented by a J-shaped curve when population size is plotted over time.3
9433307113carrying capacityLargest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support4
9433307114density dependentfactor that limits population growth and has greater effect in dense populations than less dense populations5
9433307115density independentlimiting factor that affects all populations in similar ways, regardless of population size6
9433307116limiting factorAny biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence, numbers, reproduction, or distribution of organisms.7
9433307117logistic growthWhen limiting factors restrict size of population to the carrying capacity of the environment. Forms an S-shaped curve.8
9433307118k-selected speciesSpecies that produce a few, often fairly large offspring but invest a great deal of time and energy to ensure that most of those offspring reach reproductive age.9
9433307119r-selected speciesLife history traits maximize reproductive success in uncrowded environments. Many small offspring that mature quickly, little if any parental care.10
9433307121survivorship curvea graph showing the decline in numbers of a cohort over time11
9433307124Population DistributionHow individuals in a population are spaced out across the range.12
9433307125Growth RateThis determines whether the size of the population increases, decreases, or stays the same.13
94333071271) Birth Rate 2) Death Rate 3) Immigration 4) Emigration4 Factors that Affect Population Growth?14
9433307131ImmigrationThe movement of individuals INTO an area. This can cause a population to grow.15
9433307132EmigrationThe movement of individuals OUT of an area. This can cause a population to decrease in size.16
9433307140Density dependent factors1) Competition 2) Predation 3) Parasitism and Disease 4) Stress from overcrowding17
9433307141competitionOrganisms fight for water, space, sunlight, and other resources. Increases as population size increases.18
9433307143Density independent factors1) Weather 2) Natural Disaster 3) Seasons 4) Human Activities19

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