Terms : Hide Images
| 8711815637 | Anticodon | Ensures correct position of AA on ribosome | 0 | |
| 8711815638 | A-site | Charged tRNA arrives with AA; anticodon confirms placement | 1 | |
| 8711815639 | Codon | Determine AA; determined by DNA sequence | 2 | |
| 8711815640 | Enhancer | Speed up transcription | 3 | |
| 8711815641 | E-site | tRNA exits | 4 | |
| 8711815642 | Exon | Joined together during splicing the RNA transcript in order to create the mRNA | 5 | |
| 8711815643 | Frameshift mutation | 1. Frameshift insertion mutation: base insertion of one or more bases 2. Frameshift deletion mutation: base deletion of one or more bases Changes triplet grouping of bases; codons regrouped; abnormal AA sequence; mutant protein | 6 | |
| 8711815644 | Histone | Tightly wind DNA into nucleosomes | 7 | |
| 8711815645 | Intron | Removed during splicing of RNA transcript in order to make mRNA | 8 | |
| 8711815646 | Lysogenic infection | Host intact; virus injects DNA; viral DNA inserted into host DNA genome; host divides with viral DNA | 9 | |
| 8711815647 | Lyctic infection | Breaks host cell; virus injects DNA; host cell copies viral DNA and makes proteins; proteins assemble, forming new viruses; cell bursts, releasing new viruses | 10 | |
| 8711815648 | mG cap | On the 5' end of mRNA; to find ribosome when it leaves the nucleus | 11 | |
| 8711815649 | MicroRNA | DNA INTERFERENCE; attaches to the mRNA and disturbs translation; tells enzyme complex to chop up the double stranded RNA to stop translation | 12 | |
| 8711815650 | mRNA | Temporary copy of gene (not identical copy of gene; written in different language); determines AA sequence (codons) | 13 | |
| 8711815651 | Nucleosome | a structural unit of a eukaryotic chromosome, consisting of a length of DNA coiled around a core of histones. | 14 | |
| 8711815652 | Operator | Repressor binding site | 15 | |
| 8711815653 | Inducible operon | Negative control; lack of nutrients -> turns off; default is to turn off; stops transgression of the lac protein | 16 | |
| 8711815654 | Repressible operon | Transcription is normal; substrate presence turns it off; repressor binding to operon always turns it off | 17 | |
| 8711815655 | Point mutation | 1. Point nonsense mutation: premature stop of translation; results in no protein (BAD!!) 2. Point missense mutation: base substitutions; alters function of protein if there is a different amino acid | 18 | |
| 8711815656 | Poly-A Tail | Prevents cytoplasm from eating the mRNA; added on 3' end for protection | 19 | |
| 8711815657 | Promoter | Start; RNA polymerase attaches to DNA | 20 | |
| 8711815658 | P-site | Peptide bond joins AA and polypeptide chain grows | 21 | |
| 8711815659 | Splicing | Removing non-coding parts | 22 | |
| 8711815660 | Regulatory gene | Codes for repressor; tells whether the operon is active or not | 23 | |
| 8711815661 | Repressor | Turns genes off; temporary stopper | 24 | |
| 8711815662 | Reverse transcription | 1 RNA strand to 1 DNA to 2 DNA; DNA inserts into host genome -> provirus; transcribed into RNA -> viral protein -> assemblage -> leave to affect others the reverse of normal transcription, occurring in some RNA viruses, in which a sequence of nucleotides is copied from an RNA template during the synthesis of a molecule of DNA. | 25 | |
| 8711815663 | RNA interference | A biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression, typically by causing the destruction of specific mRNA molecules. | 26 | |
| 8711815664 | RNA Polymerase | Forms RNA polymers | 27 | |
| 8711815665 | RNA Processing | RNA Transcript to mRNA; in nucleus | 28 | |
| 8711815666 | rRNA | 2 ribosomal subunits -> ribosomal complex | 29 | |
| 8711815667 | Terminator | End of gene | 30 | |
| 8711815668 | Transcription Factor | Turn genes on | 31 | |
| 8711815669 | Transcription | Forms mRNA; takes place in nucleus (bc DNA cant leave nucleus) | 32 | |
| 8711815670 | Translation | Forms polypeptide chain; in cytoplasm | 33 | |
| 8711815671 | tRNA | Carries and transfers AA to polypeptide chain; end for AA attachment; anticodons | 34 |
