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| 7879583273 | explain the difference between organic and inorganic molecules | organic contain both carbon and hydrogen. inorganic contain other elements | 0 | |
| 7879583274 | building blocks of carbs, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids | monosaccharides, 3 fatty acids and a glycerol, amino acids, and a nucleotide | 1 | |
| 7879583275 | bond created between carbs, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids | glycosidic linkage, ester linkage, peptide bonds, and hydrogen bonds | 2 | |
| 7879583276 | an example of carbs, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids | starch, fat, transport, and DNA | 3 | |
| 7879583277 | explain how the chemical reactions dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis are involved in the creation and destruction of macromolecules | dehydration synthesis- 2 monomers are connected by the loss of a water molecule hydrolysis- 2 monomers are disconnected by the addition of a water molecule | 4 | |
| 7879583279 | amino acid | has an amine group on one side which is 2 hydrogens connected with a nitrogen and on the other side it has a carboxyl group which is a carbon double bonded to a oxygen and a single bonded -OH with an R side chain (varies) |  | 5 |
| 7879583280 | fatty acid | a long carbon skeleton connected to a carboxyl group at the end |  | 6 |
| 7879583281 | phosphate group | phosphate bonded with 2 oxygens (one with a double bond) and 2 -OHs |  | 7 |
| 7879583284 | chemical properties of amino acid | changes in the side chain (R) can result in a change in job specification (affects its role in a polypeptide) | 8 | |
| 7879583285 | chemical properties of fatty acids | saturated includes only single bonds which are solid and have no kinks, whereas unsaturated contain at least one double bond which are liquid and have at least one kink | 9 | |
| 7879583286 | chemical properties of phosphate groups | contributes to the negativity of whatever particle it is attached to, when attached to a molecule they have the potential to react with water | 10 | |
| 7879583287 | describe the structure and chemical properties of phosopholipids | structure: polar, hydrophillic head and nonpolar, hydrophobic tails and diversity is based on the differences in the fatty acid tails chemical: hydroplillic "water loving" and hydrophobic "fear of water" together phospholipids are amphipathic | 11 | |
| 7879583288 | structure and functional properties of saturated fatty acid tail | structure: contains only single bonds with lipid structure and a phosphate group functional: packed tightly forming a solid | 12 | |
| 7879583289 | structure and functional properties of unsaturated fatty acid tail | structure: contains at least one double bond with lipid structure and a phosphate group functional: loosely packed forming a liquid | 13 | |
| 7879583290 | structural differences between DNA and RNA | DNA: double helix, ATCG RNA: single helix, AUCG (smaller for transport) | 14 | |
| 7879583291 | primary structure | -linear chain of amino acids -in a specific sequence -determined by DNA -dictates secondary and tertiary structures (R chains cause reactions with eachother) -peptide bonds | 15 | |
| 7879583292 | secondary structure | -folds and coils of polypeptide chain repeatedly contribute to overall shape -a helix or b pleated sheets -hydrogen bonds | 16 | |
| 7879583293 | tertiary structure | -3D shape -shaped by interactions between R side chain - bonds include Hydrogen bonds Ionic bonds Van der Waals-weak Disulfide bridges | 17 | |
| 7879583294 | quaternary structure | -multiple polypeptide chain folded together forming a protein example: collagen or hemoglobin | 18 | |
| 7879583299 | what is the function of an enzyme and what does it do to complete its function? | -a protein macromolecule that acts as a catalyst -speeds up metabolic reactions by lowering the activation energy barrier -allows the reactants to absorb enough energy to react at room temperature | 19 | |
| 7879583300 | list factors that affect enzyme activity and for each be sure to explain how they affect the enzyme | -temperature (substrates collide more frequently under higher temperatures) -pH -optimal | 20 | |
| 7879583303 | compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells | -prokaryotic- DNA found in nucleoid -DNA is circular with 1 chromosome -evolved before eukaryotic -simple -plasma membrane, cell wall, flaggellum, nucleoid, ribosomes, capsule, and cytosol -lack membrane-bound organelles -small -eukaryotic-DNA in nucleus (double membrane) -linear chromosomes -membrane bound organelles -larger similarities:-interior cytoplasm -plasma membrane -cell walls (plants only for eukaryotic) -chromosomes, DNA, and ribosomes -cytoskeleton | 21 | |
| 7879583304 | tell the function of lysosome | functions:-breaks down macromolecules and digests worn out cell components | 22 | |
| 7879583305 | tell the structure and function of ER | structure: -folded flattened function: -(smooth) manufacture of carbs and lipids -(rough) protein synthesis | 23 | |
| 7879583306 | tell the structure and function of golgi bodies | structure: -flattened sacs (pita bread) function: -collects, packages, and distributes molecules manufactured in the cell | 24 | |
| 7879583307 | tell the structure and function of ribosome | structure: -small sphere function: -site of protein synthesis | 25 | |
| 7879583308 | tell the structure and function of vacuole | structure: -sac function: -isolate materials -containers | 26 | |
| 7879583309 | tell the structure and function of nucleus | structure: -large sphere function: -command center | 27 | |
| 7879583310 | tell the structure and function of mitochondria | structure: -bacteria shaped function: -cellular respiration -create ATP | 28 | |
| 7879583311 | tell the structure and function of peroxisome | structure: -sac function: -contains enzymes that carry out particular reactions like detox | 29 | |
| 7879583312 | tell the structure and function of nucleolus | structure: -small dense sphere function: -site of ribosome synthesis | 30 | |
| 7879583314 | list structures found in animal cells that arent found in plants cells | centrosomes, lysosomes, centrioles | 31 | |
| 7879583316 | structure and function of the cell membrane | structure: -fluid mosaic model: fluid is the phospholipids and the mosaic pieces are proteins, carbs, cholesterols, oligosaccharides, glycolipids, and glycoproteins function: -integral proteins: channel and carrier -peripheral proteins: structural shape to the plasma membrane -cholesterol: increases membrane fluidity during cold -oligosaccharides and carbohydrates: cell-cell recognition -glycolipids and glycoproteins: proteins with attachments for cell-cell recognition | 32 | |
| 7879583317 | water potential | (water potential=solute potential+pressure potential) -determines the direction of water movement -affected by solute and pressure potential | 33 | |
| 7879583318 | solute potential | (solute potential= -iCRT) -proportional to the osmolarity of a solution -can be either 0 or negative | 34 | |
| 7879583319 | pressure potential | -physical pressure on a solution -negative sucks -positive presses | 35 | |
| 7879583320 | hypertonic solution | -the solution with more solute -sucks liquid from comparative solution -cell loses water -salt h20 | 36 | |
| 7879583321 | hypotonic solution | -the solution with less solute -adds liquid to comparative solution -cell takes in more water -pure water | 37 | |
| 7879583322 | isotonic | -same solute concentration -no change -saline | 38 | |
| 7879583323 | why does water move from hypotonic to hypertonic? | -water moves towards areas of higher solute concentration | 39 | |
| 7879583324 | exocytosis | -cell secretes certain biological molecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane | 40 | |
| 7879583325 | endocytosis | -liquids or are taken up by the cellthrough invagination of the plasma membrane | 41 | |
| 7879583326 | 3 types of endoctyosis | -phagocytosis: cell engulfs particle through wrapping pseudopodia around it, in a vacuole -pinocytosis: cell gulps droplets of extracellular fluid into tiny vesicles -receptor-mediated: cell may acquire bulk quantities of specific substances, even though substances may not be very concentrated in extracellular fluid | 42 | |
| 7879583327 | bulk transport | -endocytosis and exocytosis | 43 |
