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| 7866246192 | What are stem cells? | Unspecialized cells capable of renewing themselves through continued cell division - can give rise to differentiated cells | 0 | |
| 7866144086 | What are the three general properties of stem cells? | They are capable of dividing and renewing themselves for long periods They are unspecialized They can give rise to specialized cell types | 1 | |
| 7865921104 | Embryonic stem cell | Cells that are derived from embryos, are capable of dividing without differentiating for a prolonged period. |  | 2 |
| 7866406635 | Where are ES cells harvested from? Explain. | Inner cell mass of blastocyst >once cleavage of embryo begins, this sphere of cells with flattened cavity formed ~in utero, 7 days after fertilization and before implants into endometrium |  | 3 |
| 7866355819 | Cell determination | where cell becomes committed to a developmental pathway, but has not yet differentiated (related to differential inheritance of cytoplasmic factors and interaction btw neighboring cells) | 4 | |
| 7866379729 | Induction, which can lead to differentiation, is what? It is mediated by? | Induction, which can lead to differentiation, is interaction btw neighboring embryological cells; mediated by signaling molecules that trigger transduction pathways! | 5 | |
| 7865911837 | Differentiation? | The process by which cells become specialized. During the development of an organism, cells differentiate into many types of cells. >related to differences in which gene are expressed |  | 6 |
| 7865916580 | Somatic stem cell | A cell found in many organs and tissues e.g. bone marrow, skin, brain; that can differentiate and self-renew. Most usually limited to cell types in the organ of origin. |  | 7 |
| 7866275993 | -ability of a stem cell to become different types of cells -decreases with differentiation | potency | 8 | |
| 7865945155 | Totipotent | a stem cell can become any type of cell even extra embryonic membranes e.g. cells from very early cleavage stage...remember, when mammalian embryo splits naturally, identical twins result fyi- possible to produce totipotent cells |  | 9 |
| 7865946651 | Pluripotent | a stem cell can become any type of cell IN the human body ...but not supporting structures like placenta, chorion, or amnion which are needed for development |  | 10 |
| 7865963261 | Multipotent | a stem cell can become many cell types but not all |  | 11 |
| 7866048547 | self renewal | ability of stem cells to replicate themselves by dividing into the same non-specialized cell type over long time depending on the specific type of stem cell. (If used for therapy, want beneficial effect of stem cells to last long time in patient.) |  | 12 |
| 7866132842 | Induced pluripotent stem cell (IPSC) | Type of pluripotent stem cell, similar to an embryonic stem cell, formed by the introduction of certain embryonic genes into a somatic cell. -cell from the body that is reprogrammed --introduce a gene so cell "forgets what it is" and reverts back to a embryonic-like state |  | 13 |
| 7866291114 | What happens to pluripotent ES cells after harvested from [inner cell mass of] blastocyst? | grown in culture | 14 | |
| 7867007691 | technique that combines enucleated egg and nucleus of somatic cell to make an embryo; can be used for therapeutic or reproductive (cloning) purposes, but the initial stage is same for both | Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) |  | 15 |
