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| 14923528319 | Three laws of cells | 1. all organisms are made of cells 2. the cell is the simplest version of matter that can be alive 3. all cells are related by descent of other cells | 0 | |
| 14923538055 | Light Microscope (LM) | lenses refract the light so image is magnified (x1000) | 1 | |
| 14923545353 | Three parameters of microscopy | Magnification, resolution, contrast | 2 | |
| 14923548417 | Organelles | membrane-enclosed compartments | 3 | |
| 14923552385 | Electron microscopes (EM) | used to study subcellular structures | 4 | |
| 14923555849 | Scanning electron microscope (SEM) | produce images that look 3D, some color | 5 | |
| 14923563618 | Transmission electron microscope (TEM) | used to study internal structure of cells, black and white | 6 | |
| 14923571405 | Cell fractionation | breaks up cells and separates components | 7 | |
| 14923577204 | Eukaryotic domains | protists, fungi, animals, plants | 8 | |
| 14923580876 | Prokaryotic domains | bacteria and archaea | 9 | |
| 14923584401 | Features of all cells | plasma membrane, cytosol, chromosomes, ribosomes | 10 | |
| 14923591987 | Characteristics of eukaryotic cells | DNA is in a nucleus with surrounding cytoplasm | 11 | |
| 14923595368 | Characteristics of prokaryotic cells | no nucleus, DNA is in the nucleoid region, no membrane-bound organelles, cytoplasm | 12 | |
| 14923605836 | Plasma membrane | barrier that allows sufficient passage of oxygen and nutrients | 13 | |
| 14923616976 | Difference in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells |  | 14 | |
| 14923626885 | Ribosomes | use information from DNA to make proteins | 15 | |
| 14923649070 | Nucleus | contains cells genes | 16 | |
| 14923651468 | Nuclear envelope | encloses the nucleus, separating it from the cytoplasm | 17 | |
| 14923657693 | Nuclear pores | regulate the entry and exit of molecules | 18 | |
| 14923659475 | Nuclear lamina | composed of protein, maintains the shape of the nucleus | 19 | |
| 14923663891 | Nucleus diagram |  | 20 | |
| 14923670456 | Chromosomes | discrete units that DNA is organized into | 21 | |
| 14923671762 | Chromation | DNA and proteins of chromosomes together | 22 | |
| 14923678179 | Nucleolus | site of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | 23 | |
| 14923685279 | Where are ribosomes located? | cytoplasm and rough ER | 24 | |
| 14923693829 | Components of the endomembrane system | nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and plasma membrane | 25 | |
| 14923701743 | Vesicles | connects endomembrane system components | 26 | |
| 14923712111 | Endoplasmic reticulum is made up of... | smooth ER and rough ER | 27 | |
| 14923713944 | Smooth ER distinction | lacks ribosomes | 28 | |
| 14923718290 | Rough ER distinction | surface is studded with ribosomes | 29 | |
| 14923722858 | Endoplasmic reticulum |  | 30 | |
| 14923732663 | Functions of the smooth ER | synthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates, detoxifies drugs and poisons, stores calcium ions | 31 | |
| 14923739653 | Functions of the rough ER | has bound ribosomes which secrete glycoproteins, distributes transport vesicles, membrane factory for the cell | 32 | |
| 14923748338 | Functions of the Golgi apparatus | modifies products of the ER, manufactures certain macromolecules, sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles | 33 | |
| 14923754628 | Cisternae | flattened membranous sacs in the golgi apparatus | 34 | |
| 14923760780 | Golgi apparatus |  | 35 | |
| 14923763972 | Lysomsome | membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that digest macromolecules | 36 | |
| 14923774317 | Phagocytosis | cell engulfing another cell and forming a food vacuole | 37 | |
| 14923784059 | Lysosomes and phagocytosis |  | 38 | |
| 14923789665 | Vacuoles | large vesicles derived from the ER and Golgi apparatus | 39 | |
| 14923792221 | Food vacuoles | formed by phagocytosis | 40 | |
| 14923795440 | Contractile vacuoles | found in freshwater protists, pump excess water out of cells | 41 | |
| 14923797842 | Central vacuoles | found in many mature plant cells, hold organic compounds and water | 42 | |
| 14923805184 | Endomembrane system structure |  | 43 | |
| 14923809428 | Mitochondria | sites of cellular respiration, generates ATP | 44 | |
| 14923812579 | Chloroplasts | found in plants and algae, sites of photosynthesis | 45 | |
| 14923819883 | Endosymbiont theory | explains that eukaryotic cells may have evolved from prokaryotic cells | 46 | |
| 14923829393 | Endosymbiont theory process |  | 47 | |
| 14923843540 | Cristae | smooth outer membrane and inner membrane folded in mitochondria | 48 | |
| 14923847117 | Mitochondrial matrix | inner membrane of mitochondria | 49 | |
| 14923853336 | Mitochondria structure |  | 50 | |
| 14923865076 | Where are chloroplasts found? | leaves, other green organs of plants and in algae | 51 | |
| 14923870324 | Thylakoids | membranous sacs stacked to form in a granum in chloroplasts | 52 | |
| 14923873813 | Stroma | internal fluid of chloroplast | 53 | |
| 14923878198 | Chloroplasts belongs in a group of plant organelles called... | plastids | 54 | |
| 14923878199 | chloroplasts structure |  | 55 | |
| 14925471054 | peroxisomes | specialized metabolic compartments bounded by a single membrane | 56 | |
| 14925474754 | Peroxisome function | produce hydrogen peroxide and then convert it to water | 57 | |
| 14958588862 | cytoskeleton | a network of fibers extending through the cytoplasm that organizes the cell's structure and activity | 58 | |
| 14958607756 | Motor protein and cytoskeleton relationship |  | 59 | |
| 14958637474 | 3 main types of fibers | microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments | 60 | |
| 14958637475 | Microtubules | Thickest, made of protein tubulin, shape and support cell, cilia and flagella, separate chromosomes during cell division | 61 | |
| 14958643531 | Microfilaments | Long thin fibers, made from actin, in bundles, absorb nutrients in intestines from food, small intestine | 62 | |
| 14958646072 | Intermediate filaments | size in between microfilaments and microtubules, support shape of cell, more permanent than the other 2 | 63 | |
| 14958653607 | Structure and function of cytoskeleton |  | 64 | |
| 14958736642 | Layers of cell wall | primary cell wall, middle lamella, secondary cell wall | 65 | |
| 14958739732 | Primary cell wall | relatively thin and flexible | 66 | |
| 14958742919 | Middle lamella | thin layer between primary walls of adjacent cells | 67 | |
| 14958746377 | Secondary cell wall | added between the plasma membrane and the primary cell wall | 68 | |
| 14958755967 | Plasmodesmata | channels between adjacent plant cells | 69 | |
| 14958758754 | Plant cell wall and plasmodesmata |  | 70 | |
| 14958777156 | Extracellular Matrix (ECM) | made of collagen, proteoglycans, fibronectin, bind to receptor proteins in the plasma membrane called integrins | 71 | |
| 14958790892 | ECM structure |  | 72 | |
| 14958827580 | Cell junctions |  | 73 |
