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| 4815937705 | Why are water molecules polar? | uneven distribution of electrons between hydrogen and oxygen |  | 0 |
| 4815942451 | What are the 4 properties of water? | cohesive behavior, ability to moderate temperature, expansion upon freezing, & universal solvent | 1 | |
| 4815948742 | Cohesive behavior | the linking of like molecules; water molecules stick together causing water to have a high surface tension |  | 2 |
| 4815953220 | Adhesion | water molecules stick to other molecules |  | 3 |
| 4815988505 | Transpiration | water travels against gravity from roots to leaves in plants due to adhesion and cohesion |  | 4 |
| 4815990991 | Moderation of temperature | water has a high specific heat; it must absorb or give off a lot of energy before its temperature will increase or decrease |  | 5 |
| 4815996373 | Expansion upon freezing | ice floats at the top of large bodies of water, preventing them from freezing solid enabling a moderation of water temperature |  | 6 |
| 4816002088 | Universal solvent | things easily dissolve in water |  | 7 |
| 4816006436 | Hydrophilic substances | are water soluble and dissolve easily in water |  | 8 |
| 4816008165 | Hydrophobic substances | do not easily dissolve in water |  | 9 |
| 4816012170 | pH scale | runs from 0-14 measuring relative acidity and alkalinity ("basicity") of aqueous solutions |  | 10 |
| 4816016782 | Acids | have excess H+ ions and a pH below 7.0 |  | 11 |
| 4816018250 | Bases | have excess OH- and a pH above 7.0 |  | 12 |
| 4816019999 | Pure water | neutral with a pH of 7.0 |  | 13 |
| 4816022334 | Buffers | substances that minimize the changes in pH within the body; a partnership between a weak acid and a weak base that forms as the acid dissolves in water |  | 14 |
| 4816064265 | Carbon | can form many molecules by bonding to 4 other atoms | 15 | |
| 4816067386 | Hydrocarbons | compounds made only of H atoms that are covalently bonded to C |  | 16 |
| 4816075049 | Isomers | compounds with the same number of atoms but different structures, and therefore different properties |  | 17 |
| 4821736762 | Polymers | long molecules made of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds |  | 18 |
| 4821752617 | Monomers | small building blocks to polymers |  | 19 |
| 4821763066 | Carbohydrates | main source of energy, most abundant molecules for life, monosacchrides |  | 20 |
| 4821913864 | Oligosaccharides | short chain of 2 or more sugar monomers |  | 21 |
| 4821941507 | Polysaccharides | complex carbohydrates; straight or branched chain of 100s or 1000s of sugar |  | 22 |
| 4821949606 | Starch | plant storage of sugars, polysaccharide |  | 23 |
| 4821953960 | Cellulose | firebrick material in plant cell walls, polysaccharide |  | 24 |
| 4821957806 | Glycogen | energy storage in animal muscles and liver |  | 25 |
| 4822004925 | Lipids | most consist of one glycerol and 3 fatty acids (triglyceride), hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end can be saturated or unsaturated |  | 26 |
| 4822018097 | Saturated fatty acid | animal fats, linked to heart disease |  | 27 |
| 4822020349 | Unsaturated fatty acid | has 1 or more double bonds formed when a hydrogen is removed (plant fats) |  | 28 |
| 4822062047 | steroids ' | 4 fused rings (3 6-C rings and 1 5-C ring) | 29 | |
| 4822095589 | Proteins | complex macromolecules that carry out bodily functions such as growth and repair, signaling between cells, defense against invaders, catalyze | 30 | |
| 4822107184 | What is the structure of protein? | made of amino acids (20 different ones), held together by peptide bonds making polypeptide chains | 31 | |
| 4822165250 | Primary | linear |  | 32 |
| 4822169158 | Secondary | coils (alpha helix) or folds (beta pleated sheet) |  | 33 |
| 4822175703 | Tertiary | hydrogen bonding, ionic bonding and other interactions among the R groups= overall shape |  | 34 |
| 4822180314 | Quaternary | more than one polypeptide chain are attached (collagen or hemoglobin) |  | 35 |
| 4822192023 | Denaturation | unraveling of protein/loss of 3D shape due to change in pH, temperature, salt conc; not able to function as a protein within the cell |  | 36 |
| 4822202637 | Fiborous protein | structure is in strands or sheets, water insoluble, strong |  | 37 |
| 4822207749 | Globular protein | folded in compact rounded shapes (tertiary structure), water soluble |  | 38 |
| 4822217340 | Nucleic acid | made of nucleotides (the monomers) |  | 39 |
| 4822220593 | Nucleotides | 5-C sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), nitrogen containing base (A, T, G, C, U), and a phosphate group | 40 | |
| 4822234451 | Purines | double ring, must match with a pyrimidine |  | 41 |
| 4822239137 | Pyrimidine | single ring, must match with a purine |  | 42 |
| 4822253672 | DNA | double stranded helix that carries heritable information |  | 43 |
| 4822256997 | RNA | single stranded, functions to translate the code from DNA to make proteins |  | 44 |
| 4822344411 | Specific heat | the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of that substance to change by 1C |  | 45 |
| 4822350544 | Hydrophilic | any substance that has an affinity for water |  | 46 |
| 4822354338 | Colloid | stable suspension in fine particles of a molecule |  | 47 |
| 4822357677 | Hydrophobic | substances that are nonionic or non polar and seem to repel water |  | 48 |
| 4822394984 | Structural isomers | differ in arrangement of atoms |  | 49 |
| 4822394985 | Geometric isomers | have the same covalent partnerships but differ in their spatial arrangements | | 50 |
| 4822397374 | Enantiomers | isomers that are mirror images of each other |  | 51 |
| 4822422866 | Phospholipid | make up cell membranes |  | 52 |
| 4822429061 | Steroids | lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of 4 fused rings | 53 | |
| 4822434101 | Cholesterol | steroid, common component of animal cell membranes and is also the precursor from which other steroids are synthesized |  | 54 |
| 4822442463 | Peptide bond | the chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid | 55 |
