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AP Biology Unit 4.2 - DNA Structure Flashcards

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9000374256DNAA double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.0
9000374257ChromatinUncondensed complex of DNA and histone proteins found during interphase of the cell cycle.1
9000374258ChromosomeCondensed complex of DNA and histone proteins found during mitosis of the cell cycle.2
9000374259GeneA segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific protein/trait3
9000374260Nucleic AcidClass of biological macromolecules composed of the elements C, H, N, O, and P that carries genetic information. (DNA and RNA are examples)4
9000374261Deoxyribonucleic AcidDNA stands for5
9000374262Ribonucleic AcidRNA stands for6
9000374263Double-HelixThe shape of DNA; two strands of nucleotides wound about each other7
9000374264Sugar-Phosphate BackboneThe alternating chain of sugar and phosphate to which the DNA and RNA nitrogenous bases are attached; forms the sides of the DNA "ladder"8
9000374265NucleotideA building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.9
9000374266DeoxyriboseA five-carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides10
9000374267RiboseA five-carbon sugar present in RNA11
9000374268Nitrogenous BasesAdenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil: a component of DNA nucleotides12
9000374269PurinesNitrogenous bases with a double-ring structure (adenine and guanine).13
9000374270AdenineThe base that pairs with Thymine in DNA14
9000374271GuanineThe base that pairs with Cytosine in DNA15
9000374272PyrimidinesNitrogenous bases with a single-ring structure (cytosine, thymine, and uracil).16
9000374273CytosineThe base that pairs with Guanine in DNA17
9000374274ThymineThe base that pairs with Adenine in DNA18
9000374275UracilNitrogen base that pairs with adenine in RNA (replaces thymine).19
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