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AP Blood/Immune Flashcards

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9210405259YesIs blood connective tissue?0
9210411624MesenchymeWhere does blood rise from embryologically?1
9210423634~55% Plasma ~45% cellsWhat percentage of blood is plasma? Cells?2
9210442144FibrinogenWhat is the soluble matrix?3
9210446491Turns into fibrin.What happens to fibrin when it clots?4
92104516049-% H2O, 10% H2O Soluble componentsWhat are the plasma components?5
9210459263Electrolytes 7% proteins (of this 60% is albumin) Fats (cholesterol) GlucoseWhat are the H2O Soluble Components?6
9210471743A chemistry panelHow do you analyze the components?7
9210479538The percentage of white blood cells and platelets (1%)What is the buffy coat?8
9210487961~45%What percentage of the hematopoietic system should be RBCs?9
9210492502Distribution/carrying of oxygen, carbon dioxide, metabolic waste, hormones Protection with WBCs, antibodies, clotting factors and platelets Regulation/homeostasis of body temperature, pH balance, blood volumeWhat are the functions of blood?10
9210515154Small, reddish donut shapeWhat shape are RBCs?11
9210521890280 millionHow much hemoglobin per one RBC?12
9210527186They don't have a nucleus, and use anaerobic metabolismWhat is special about RBCs?13
92105375354 O2 per HbHow much can one hemeglobin particle can carry O2?14
9210547464lungs ---> O2 + Hb <--------------------> HbO2 <--- TissuesWhat is the Hb/O2 binding reaction?15
9210562651Dark redWhat colour is Hb (deoxyhemoglobin)?16
9210565989Bright redWhat colour is HbO2 (oxyhemoglobin)?17
9210573689CarbaminohemoglobinWhat amino acid is CO2 carried on?18
9210580085Low RBC: hemorrhage, blood donation, pathogen that causes hemolysis, aaplastic anemia (destruction of bone marrow), sudden exposure to high altitudeWhat are the one cause of anemia?19
9210598870Low hemoglobin: Iron deficient (small and pale RBC called "microcytes) Pernicious anemia (low vitamin B12, causes large pale "macrocytes")What is another cause of anemia?20
9210617734Altered hemoglobin from genetics: Thalassemias, sickle cell anemiaWhat is one final cause of anemia?21
9210629234Polycythemia - viscous bloodWhat would happen if a person had too many RBCs?22
9210649696Neutrophils (Never) Lymphocytes (Let) Monocytes (Monkeys) Eosinophils (Eat) Basophils (Bananas)What is the mnemonic for WBCs?23
9210761475How WBC move through the venule side of a capillary bed to get to the site of damage.What is diapedesis?24
9210767963They follow chemical signals.How do WBCs know where to exit?25
9210780482Neutrohpils, Eosinophils, BasophilsWhat are the granulocytes?26
9210783182Monocytes, lymphocytesWhat are the agranulocytes?27
9210817231T Cells and B cells Lymph tissues (spleen, lymph nodes)Lymphocytes are composed of what type of WBC? Where do they originate?28
9210809502An infectionLymphocytes are indicative of what type of pathology?29
9210838580ParasitesEosinophils are indicative of what type of pathology?30
9210840544The inflammatory process (histamine)Basophils are indicative of what type of pathology?31
9210844452Bacterial infection (phagocytosis)Neutrophils are indicative of what type of pathology?32
9210850072Viral infection, TB, parasitesMacrophages are indicative of what type of pathology?33
9237485399The production of blood cells from a hematopietic stem cell.What is hematopoiesis?34
9237487820An immature RBCWhat is a hematocytoblast?35
9237493211LymphocyteWhat does a lymphoid stem cell turn into?36
9237494220Red blood cellWhat does a proerythroblast turn into?37
9237495444PlateletsWhat does megakaryocyte turn into?38
9237496854Interluekins and colony-stimulating factorsWhat are the two families of cytokines?39
9237498103Cytokines between leukoctyesWhat doe interleukins do?40
9237504004SupportWhat do colony-stimulating factors do?41
9237505598Too little or fewWhat does the term "penia" mean?42
9237506148Low WBCWhat is leukopenia?43
9237507075Cancer that causes too many WBCsWhat is leukemia?44
9237508158Acute and chronicWhat are the subtypes of leukemias?45
9237508629Children; more severeWhere is acute leukemia found most commonly?46
9237509075Adults; less severeWhere is chronic leukemia found most commonly?47
9237510625Formation of RBCsWhat is erythropoiesis?48
9237511363About one weekHow long does erythropoiesis take?49
9237512247ErythropoietinWhat is the hormone that stimulates erythropoiesis?50
9237513607The kidneysWhere does erythropoietin hormone come from?51
9237515520In cases of hypoxiaWhen does erythropoietin get released?52
9237518104SpleenWhere are RBCs destroyed?53
9237519904TransferrinWhat protein reuses iron?54
9237520628BilirubinWhat is heme degraded into?55
9237523300Vascular spasms - contraction of the vessel smooth muscle, which is triggered by damage.What is the first step of hemostasis?56
9237525622Platelet plug - temporary seal of area, occurs in ~1 min Adhesion - damaged endothelial cells contract and expose collagen, where platelets stick Degranulation - sticking causes shape changes and release of granules Aggregation - chemicals (ADP) are released to attract more platelets and make them more stickyWhat is the second step of hemostasis?57
9237532700ClottingWhat is the third step of hemostasis?58
92377138211. Formation of prothrombin activator 2. Prothrombin activator converts to thrombin 3. Thrombin converts soluble fiberinogen to insoluble fribrinWhat is the clotting cascade?59

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