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AP Chapter 18 World History Flashcards

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4459244569What percentage of the Russian population remained rural in the 18th century?95%0
4459244570When did Russian serfdom become hereditary?16491
4459244571Which of the following statements concerning the political voice of the Russian nobility is most accurate?The politics of the Russian nobility were expressed through service in the tsarist state and the preeminent power they wielded over the peasant serfs.2
4459244572What was the relationship between Catherine the Great's government and local administration?The tsarist government combined a real monopoly of formal politics by a central administration, but had little power over the noble-owned estates.3
4459244573A substantial merchant class in Russia during the 18th centuryfailed to develop.4
4459244574What was the limitation of Peter the Great's policies of cultural Westernization?Westernization was limited to the elite.5
4459244575Ivan IV, called Ivan the Terriblewished to confirm tsarist autocracy by attacking the authority of boyars.6
4459244576Which of the following was NOT a form of contact with the West during the reigns of the Ivans?Military alliances were signed with Spain and Portugal.7
4459272246Following the death of Ivan IV, Russian boyars attempted to limit tsarist autocracy and gain governing rights for themselves during theTime of Troubles8
4459272247Peasants recruited to migrate to newly-seized lands in the Russian empire were calledCossacks9
4459272248Much of the territory added to the Russian empire during the 17th and 18th centuries wasAsian10
4459272249Why did the Russian expansion policy focus particularly on central Asia?The Russians were motivated by a desire to push the former Mongol overlords farther back to prevent renewed invasion.11
4459508221The development of coercive labor systems in eastern Europe was indicative ofeastern Europe's growing economic subordination to the West.12
4459508222What tsar was responsible for the abolition of the assemblies of the nobles and reform of the Orthodox church?Alexis13
4459508223What sea became critical in the development of Russian power during the reign of Peter the Great?Baltic14
4459508224Compared to Western governments, how great a role did the Russian government play in economic development?Because of the absence of a merchant class, the Russian government played a greater role than was common in Western states.15
4459508225Politically, what aspects of Western culture did Peter the Great emulate in Russia?Royal control over the bureaucracy and reorganized military16
4459508226What was one of the primary limitations on the expansion of the agricultural economy?Lack of technological improvement17
4459508227Eastern Europe shared with Russia all of the following characteristics EXCEPTThe development of empire18
4459508228What was the state of the Russian economy immediately after the expulsion of the Mongols in the 15th century?Russia had become a more purely agricultural economy, dependent on peasant labor.19
4459508229All of the following countries participated in the successive partitions of Poland EXCEPTHungary20
4459508230What political center served as the focal point for the Russian liberation from the Mongols?Duchy of Moscow21
4459508231Following the death of Peter the Great, the next powerful ruler of Russia wasCatherine the Great22
4459508232What was Catherine the Great's attitude toward the program of Westernization?Catherine flirted vigorously with the ideas of the French Enlightenment, but failed to take steps to abolish serfdom.23
4459508233The Russian radical and nobleman who, inspired by the philosophies of the West, urged the abolition of serfdom during the reign of Catherine the Great wasRadishev24
4459508234Ivan the Great declared that the Russian empire was the successor to which great empire?Rome25
4459508235Peter the Great established a new capital for Russia atSt. Petersburg26
4459508236What eastern European nation declined most dramatically after 1500?Poland27
4459508237Which of the following was NOT an accomplishment of Tsar Michael?Updating practices in the Orthodox Curch28
4459508238How did the Polish government differ from the Russian model after 1600?The central government was powerless29
4459508239Russians who refused to accept tsarist reforms of the Orthodox church and who were exiled to Siberia for their conservatism were calledOld Believers30
4459508240Which of the following was NOT one of Peter the Great's political reforms?Reduction of taxes an the peasantry31
4459508241In what way did Peter the Great shift the foreign policy interests of Russia?Peter's wars with the Ottoman Empire and Sweden indicated a westward shift in Russian expansion.32
4459508242What government did Ivan the Great claim to have succeeded as the "third Rome"?The Byzantine Empire33
4459508243What family was selected in 1613 to establish a new ruling dynasty in Russia?Romanov34
4459508244Who led the Russian peasant rebellion of the 1770s?Pugachev35
4459508245Which of the following areas was NOT colonized or claimed by the Russian empire during the reign of Catherine the Great?Greece36
4459508246Under what Russian ruler was a large part of Russia freed from Mongol control in the 15th century?Ivan III37
4459508247What was the purpose of Peter the Great's policy of economic development?To avoid the need of importing military armaments38
4459508248Where was Peter the Great's program of economic development concentrated?Mining and metallurgical industries39
4459508249What was one of the primary differences between the social organization of the West and Russia in the 17th and 18th centuries?Russia saw a progressive intensification of serfdom while the West was relaxing this institution in favor of other labor systems.40
4459508250Which of the following is NOT indicative of Russia's growing economic dependence on the West during the 18th century?Self-sufficiency in metal and weapons41
4459508251What was the impact of early Russian expansion on central Asia?Independent central Asia, the source of nomadic cultures and invasion forces, was eliminated42

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