Terms : Hide Images
| 8568768660 | component | each of the substances in a solution | 0 | |
| 8568768661 | solvent | normally the component present in the greatest amount | 1 | |
| 8568768662 | solutes | components within solution that are in lesser amounts than others | 2 | |
| 8568768663 | aqueous solutions | solutions that contain water as a solvent and a gas, liquid, or solid as the solute | 3 | |
| 8568768664 | solvation | interactions between solute and solvent molecules |  | 4 |
| 8568768665 | hydration | interactions between solute and solvent molecules (solvation) in which the solvent is water | 5 | |
| 8568768666 | entropy | thermodynamic quantity that describes the degree of randomness or disorder of a system in a solution; formation of solution is favored by greater entropy | 6 | |
| 8568768667 | miscible | describes pairs of liquids that mix/dissolve in all proportions ex: acetone and water | 7 | |
| 8568768668 | immiscible | describes pairs of liquids that do not dissolve in one another | 8 | |
| 8568768669 | dilute | solution with a relatively small concentration of solute; measures cnc qualitatively | 9 | |
| 8568768670 | concentrated | solution with a relatively high concentration of solute; measures cnc qualitatively | 10 | |
| 8568768671 | mass percentage | (mass of solute/mass of solution) x 100% | 11 | |
| 8568768672 | parts per million (ppm) | mass or volume of solute/ mass or volume of solution x 1,000,000; used to describe solutes in extremely low concentration | 12 | |
| 8568768673 | molarity | The number of moles of solute per liter of solution; depends on volume of total solution | 13 | |
| 8568768674 | mole fraction | The ratio of the moles of solute in solution to the total number of moles of both solvent and solute | 14 | |
| 8568768675 | molality | the concentration of a solution expressed in moles of solute per kilogram of solvent; depends on mass of solvent | 15 | |
| 8568768676 | colligative properties | properties that depend on the quantity (cnc) and not the type or quality of the solute particles | 16 | |
| 8568768677 | nonvolatile | substance that has no measurable vapor pressure | 17 | |
| 8568768678 | volatile | substance that exhibits a vapor pressure | 18 | |
| 8568768679 | vapor pressure | pressure exerted by a vapor when equilibrium is reached | 19 | |
| 8568768680 | Raoult's law | law stating that the partial pressure exerted by solvent vapor above a solution (P(A)) equals the product of the mole fraction of the solvent in the solution (X(A)) times the vapor pressure of the pure solvent |  | 20 |
| 8568768681 | ideal solution | solution that obeys Raoult's law; very few solutions obey this law | 21 | |
| 8568768682 | molal boiling-point-elevation constant | A constant characteristic of a particular solvent that gives the increase in boiling point as function of solution molality: ⌂Tb = K(b)m. | 22 | |
| 8568768683 | molal freezing-point-depression constant | A constant characteristic of a particular solvent that gives the decrease of freezing point as a function of solution molality: ⌂Tf = K(f)m | 23 | |
| 8568768684 | semipermeable | characteristic of certain materials that allow some molecules to pass through their network of tiny pores but not others; allow small solvent molecules like water to pass through but not larger solute molecules or ions | 24 | |
| 8568768685 | osmosis | net movement of solvent molecules from the less concentrated solution into the more concentrated one |  | 25 |
| 8568768686 | osmotic pressure | pressure required to prevent osmosis by pure solvent |  | 26 |
| 8568768687 | isotonic | characteristic of two solutions of identical osmotic pressure are separated by a semipermeable surface | 27 | |
| 8568768688 | hypotonic | characteristic of a solution of lower osmotic pressure | 28 | |
| 8568768689 | hypertonic | characteristic of a solution of higher osmotic pressure; more concentrated with respect to the diluted solution | 29 | |
| 8568768690 | colloidal dispersions | Mixtures containing particles larger than normal solutes but small enough to remain suspended in the dispersing medium. | 30 | |
| 8568768691 | colloid | intermediate types of dispersions or suspensions in which dispersed particles are larger than typical molecules but smaller than separate components of the mixture influenced by gravity |  | 31 |
| 8568768692 | Tyndall effect | the scattering of light by colloidal particles because light can pass through the suspension | 32 | |
| 8568768693 | hydrophilic | characteristic of water-loving colloids |  | 33 |
| 8568768694 | hydrophobic | characteristic of water-fearing colloids | | 34 |
| 8568768695 | dissolution | the process of dissolving | 35 |
