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AP Chemistry Solutions Flashcards

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9696790623aqueous solutiona solution in which the water is doing the dissolving0
9696790624solutionHOMEGENEOUS mixture of two or more substances1
9696790625solventsubstance present in the greatest quantity and the one the dissolves the other substances2
9696790626solutethe substances in a solution that are being dissolved and is present in the least quantity3
9696790627dissociationthe separation into ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves4
9696790628electrolytea substance whose aqueous solutions contain ions and allows electricity to easily pass through commonly with ionic compounds5
9696790629nonelectrolytea substance that does not form ions in solution, will not allow electricity pass through it and are commonly molecular (or covalent) compounds6
9696790630solvationprocess of dissolving that prevents the cations and anions from recombining; symbolized by (aq) in reactions and causes ions to become dispersed uniformly throughout a solution7
9696790631strong electrolytessolutes that dissolve 100% and represented by a one-way arrow in reactions8
9696790632weak electrolytessolutes that exist in solution mostly in their original form with only a small amount dissolving into ions; do not completely dissociate; in a chemical equation, represented by two arrows going in both directions9
9696790633chemical equilibriumbalance that produces a state in which the relative numbers of each type of ion or molecule in the reaction are constant over time; rate of forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction10
9696790634precipitation reactionreaction that results in the formation of an insoluble product11
9696790635precipitatean insoluble solid formed by a reaction in solution (insoluble meaning only slightly soluble)12
9696790636solubilityamount of substance that can be dissolved in a certain amount of solvent (at a given temperature)13
9696790637insolubleA substance is described as being only slightly soluble. Typically if they have less than 0.01 mol that will dissolve in an entire Liter14
9696790638Chemical Equationan equation that shows the COMPLETE chemical formulas of the reactants and products15
9696790639complete ionic equationan equation written with all strong acids/ bases and soluble substances shown as ions, including all spectator ions and other substances that do not break down into ions.16
9696790640spectator ionsions that appear in identical forms among both the reactants and products of a complete ionic equation; do not participate in a chemical reaction17
9696790641net ionic equationOnly species that actually participate in a reaction; all charges and phases must be indicated18
9696790642acidsubstance that ionizes in aqueous solutions to form hydrogen ions, thereby increasing the concentration of H+(aq) ions; often called proton donors19
9696790643monoprotic acidsacids that yield one H+ per molecule of acid ex) HCl, HNO320
9696790644diprotic acidsacids that yield two H+ per molecule of acid ex) H2SO421
9696790645basesubstance that accepts (reacts with) H+ ions and produce hydroxide ions (OH-) when they dissolve in water; there are common ____s that do not contain hydroxide, however, like NH422
9696790646strong acidsacids that ionizes 100% in a solution23
9696790647strong basesbases that ionize 100% in a solution24
9696790648strong acidsHCl, HBr, HI, HClO4, HNO3, H2SO425
9696790649strong basesAll Group 1 and Group 2 metal hydroxides (LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, etc)26
9696790650weak acidsacids that ionize <5% in a solution, weak electrolytes27
9696790651weak basesbases that ionize <5% in a solution, weak electrolytes28
9696790652neutralization reactionthe reaction that occurs when an acid and a base are mixed to create water and a salt29
9696790653saltany ionic compound30
9696790662concentrationthe amount of solute dissolved in a certain amount of solvent or solution31
9696790663molaritythe concentration of a solution expressed as the number of moles solute in a liter of solution (mol/L)32
9696790664dilutionprocess in which solutions of lower concentrations can be obtained by ADDING WATER33

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