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AP English Language and Composition Flashcards

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4914841247RhetoricThe study of effectiveness and persuasiveness of language0
4914841248ArgumentMake an original and controversial claim, justify it, recognize the development of it as an ongoing process, and combining truth seeking persuasion in a final outcome of product like an essay or speech1
4914841249Dialect ThinkingThe process of listening to and considering multiple perspectives (a natural and important part of making an argument)2
4914841250Five Canons of RhetoricInvention, Arrangement, Style, Memory, Delivery3
4914841251InventionThe process of coming up with ideas for making an argument4
4914841252ArrangementThe way in which a text is organized5
4914841253StyleAppropriate and effective use of language (inclusive of starred definitions below)6
4914841254MemoryUsed by classical rhetoricians and speakers to create unique techniques to memorize their speeches7
4914841255DeliveryThe act of delivering speeches orally before a live audience8
4914841256Two Main Types of ArgumentsNon-Artistic, Artistic9
4914841257Non-ArtisticArguments that do not require invention, such as laws, witnesses, contracts, or oaths10
4914841258ArtisticArguments that the speaker must invent11
4914841259Three Types of Persuasive Appeals/Three Points on the Rhetorical TriangleLogos, Ethos, Pathos12
4914841260LogosGreek for "word"; Focuses attention on the quality of the message (RT: Logic - Message/Topic)13
4914841261EthosGreek for "Character"; Focuses attention on the author's character as it is projected in the message (RT: Credibility - Speaker/Writer)14
4914841262PathosGreek for "suffering" or "experience"; Focuses attention on the values and beliefs of the intended audience (RT: Emotions - Audience)15
4914841263Parts of Classical StructureExordium, Narratio, Proposito, Partitio, Confirmatio, Refutatio/Confutatio, Peroratio16
4914841264ExordiumAn attention grabber that should capture the audiences attention and create exigence for the topic of the text's argument: Inquisitive, Paradoxical, Corrective, Preparatory, Narrative17
4914841265NarratioAn explanation of the issue and any needed background information18
4914841266PropositoThe thesis, claim, or argument19
4914841267PartitioThe outline statement that previews the structure of the major points20
4914841268ConfirmatioThe main body of the text that presents and supports each reason to support the thesis, claim, or argument21
4914841269Refutatio/ConfutatioSummary and/or response to opposing views; Refutes or concedes to opposing views22
4914841270PeroratioA conclusion that brings closure, sums up an argument and main points, and leaves a strong impression as a final appeal to the audience23
4914841271Inquisitive"Does history repeat it self?"24
4914841272Paradoxical"As I type this, highly civilized men are flying above, trying to kill me"25
4914841273CorrectiveThe peanut is in fact a fruit26
4914841274Preparatory"Beginnings are apt to be shadowy, and so it is with the beginnings of that great mother of life, the sea"27
4914841275NarrativeAn anecdote28
4914841276Parallelism*Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words29
4914841277Antithesis*The juxtaposition of contrasting ideas often and parallel structure30
4914841278Alliteration*The occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words EX. Please Paint Patrice Purple31
4914841279Assonance*The repetition of a vowel sounds in non-rhyming words that are close together EX. Try to Light the Fire32
4914841280Anaphora*A repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses33
4914841281Metaphor and Extended Metaphor*A figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable; Implied or hidden comparison between two things that are unrelated but share some common characteristics EX. The Curtain of Night34
4914841282Simile*A figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more emphatic or vivid EX. Brave as a Lion35
4914841283Imagery*Tactile - relating to the sense of touch Visual - relating to the sense of sight Gustatory - relating to the sense of taste Auditory - relating to the sense of hearing Olfactory - relating to the sense of smell36
4914841284Synecdoche*A part stands for the whole. EX. "All hands on deck!"37
4914841285Personification*Giving human attributes/characteristics to something that is not human EX. "My alarm clock is screaming!"38
4914841286Hyperbole*Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally EX."He is fifty feet tall!"39
4914841287Rhetorical Question*Asking a question not for an answer but for the purpose of asserting or denying something indirectly EX. "What is the difference between a joke and a rhetorical question?"40
4914841288Hypophora*Asking a question and answering it41
4914841289Irony*Words that convey a meaning opposite to the literal meaning of the word42
4914841290Connotation*An idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning43
4914841291Denotation*The literal or primary meaning of a word, in contrast to the feelings or ideas that the word suggests44
4914841292Oxymoron*Juxtaposing two ordinarily contradictory terms45
4914841293Repetition*The action of repeating something that has already been said or written46
4914841294Syntax*The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language47
4914841295Diction*The choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing48
4914841296Rhetorical SituationThe environment or situation which gave birth to the text and formulated it in such a way that it is effective for a particular audience, fulfills its purpose, and communicates a relevant and convincing message49
4914841297KairosGreek word for "right time," "season," or "opportunity"; For an argument to be persuasive, its timing must be effectively chosen and its tone and structure in right proportion or measure (connected to RT)50
4914841298GenreA reoccurring type or pattern of argument51
4914841299Cultural ContextThe culture of the audience and the culture of the writer, speaker, or creator52
4914841300Text TypesNon-Fiction (Non-Literary), Fiction (Literary)53

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