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Ap English Language and Composition Flashcards

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8029844538AllegoryA story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.0
8029844539Alliterationthe occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words1
8029844540AllusionA direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known.2
8029846450AmbiguityThe multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage3
8029846451analogya comparison between two things, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification4
8029848916antecedentThe word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun. ex: a long explanation of an idea denounced to "it"5
8029853746antithesisthe opposition or contrast of ideas: the direct opposite. Example "hatred stirs up strife, but love covers all sins"6
8029853747aphorismA pithy observation that contains a general truth ex: the saying "if it ain't broke, don't fix it"7
8029855684apostrophea figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction. It is addresses to someone or something that cannot answer.8
8029855685atmospherethe pervading tone or mood of a place, situation, or work of art. Frequently to foreshadow events9
8029858179caricaturea picture, description, or imitation of a person or thing in which certain striking characteristics are exaggerated in order to create a comic or grotesque effect.10
8029858180clausea grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb.11
8029860742colloquial/colloquialismThe use of slang or informalities in speech or writing.12
8029860743conceita fanciful expression in writing or speech; an elaborate metaphor -displays intellectual cleverness13
8029860744connotationThe non-literal, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaning. example: the word "discipline" has unhappy connotations of punishment and repression14
8029862863denotationThe strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude, or color. example: denotation of a knife would be a utensil used to cut; the connotation of a knife might be fear, violence, anger, etc.15
8029862864dictionstyle of the author, such as authors word choice. their accuracy and clearness.16
8029862865didacticdidactic words have the primary aim of teaching or instructing. mainly ethical or moral principles17
8029864715euphemismmore agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept18
8029864716extended metaphorA metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work19
8029866924figurative languagewriting or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid20
8029868509figure of speechA device used to produce figurative language in a non-literal sense for rhetorical or vivid effect. ex: apostrophe, hyperbole21
8029868510generic conventionsdescribes traditions for each genre. ex: they differentiate an essay and journalistic writing22
8029868511genreThe major category into which a literary work fits.23
8029868538homilymeans "sermon", it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.24
8029871018hyperboleA figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement. opposite: understatement25
8029871019imageryThe sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions ex: a rose may present visual imagery while also representing the color in a woman's cheeks and/or symbolizing some degree of perfection26
8029873750inference/inferto draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented.27
8029873751invectivean emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.28
8029875435irony/ironicthe contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant, or the difference between what appears to be and what is actually true29
8029875436litotesa form of understatement that involves making an affirmative point by denying its opposite. opposite of hyperbole. "it isn't very serious. I have thus tiny little tumor on the brain"30
8029877869loose sentence/ non-periodic sentencea type of sentence in which the main idea comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases or clauses. example: I arrived at the San Diego airport after a long, bumpy ride and multiple delays. Could stop at: I arrived at the San Diego airport.31
8029877870metaphorA figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substation of one for the other, suggesting some similarity.32
8029879502metonymyA figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. Example: "the White House declared" rather than "the President declared"33
8029879503moodThe prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of work.34
8029883199narrativeThe telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events.35
8029884849onomatopoeiaA figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words.36
8029884850oxymoronA figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox. example: jumbo shrimp37
8029886843paradoxA statement that appears to be self-contradictory or oppose to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity.38
8029886844parallelismThe grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity.39
8029891461parodyA work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.40
8029891462pedanticAn adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly bookish. "show-offy" (using big words for the sake of using big words)41
8029891463periodic sentenceA sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. example: (After a long, bumpy flight and multiple delays, I arrived at the San Diego airport)42
8029893452personificationA figure of speech in which the author presents or describes concepts, animals, or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions43
8029893453point of viewthe perspective in which a story is told44
8029893454proseprose refers to fiction and non-fiction. In prose the printer determines the length of the line; in poetry, the poet determines the length of the line.45
8029895907repetitionthe action of repeating something that has already been said or written46
8029897253rhetoricthe art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques.47
8029897254rhetorical modesThe variety, the conventions, and the purposed of the major kinds of writing.48
8029899754sarcasminvolves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something. well done it can be witty and insightful, when poorly done, it is simply cruel.49
8029899755satireA work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and conventions for reform and ridicule.50
8029899756semanticsThe branch of linguistics and logic concerned with meaning., their historical and psychological developments, their connotations, and their relation to one another.51
8029899771style1)The sum of choices the author makes. 2)Classification of authors to a group and comparison of an author to similar authors.52
8029902117subject complementA adjective, noun, or pronoun that follows a linking verb. ex: Brandon is a gifted athlete53
8029902118subordinate clausebegins with a subordinate conjunction or a relative pronoun and will contain both a subject and a verb. This combination of words will not form a complete sentence. It will instead make a reader want additional information to finish the thought. Ex: "After Amy sneezed all over the tuna salad"54
8029903967syllogismA deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises (major and minor) that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion. ex: Major premise: All men are mortal Minor premise: Socrates is a man. Therefore: Socrates is a mortal55
8029903968symbol/symbolismAnything that represents itself and stands for something else. Typically representing something more abstract56
8029905952synecdocheA figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa. ex: to refer to a car as "wheels"57
8029905953synesthesiaWhen one kind of sensory stimulus evokes the subjective experience of another.58
8029908107syntaxThe way the author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences. Similar to diction but diction refers to the individual words while syntax refers to a group of words59
8029909918themethe central idea or message of the work60
8029909919thesisThe sentence or group of sentences that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or position.61
8029909920tonedescribes the authors attitude toward his material, the audience, or both.62
8029909921transitionA word or phrase that links different ideas.63
8029912227understatementthe ironic minimizing of fact64
8029915710witintellectually amusing language that surprises and delights. Historically, meant basic understanding.65

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