6926056982 | Alliteration | Using words with the same first letter repeatedly close together in a phrase or sentence. | ![]() | 0 |
7175083665 | Allusion | Making a brief reference to the cultural canon—e.g. the Bible, Shakespeare, classical mythology, etc. | ![]() | 1 |
7175080929 | Analogy | Explaining something complex by comparing it to something more simple. | ![]() | 2 |
7175085406 | Anecdote | Offering a brief narrative episode. This device can serve many functions in a text—for example, introducing an issue, serving as evidence, to illustrate a point, and so on. | ![]() | 3 |
6926075870 | Argument | The combination of reasons, evidence, etc that an author uses to convince an audience of their position. | ![]() | 4 |
6934518740 | Aristotelian appeals | Three different methods of appealing to an audience to convince them—ethos, logos, and pathos. | ![]() | 5 |
6934523785 | Attitude | The writer's personal views or feelings about the subject at hand. | ![]() | 6 |
6934540991 | Audience | Who the author is directing his or her message towards. | ![]() | 7 |
6934543943 | Compare and contrast | Discussing the similarities and differences between two things to some persuasive or illustrative purpose. | ![]() | 8 |
7175088634 | Concession | Agreeing with the opposing viewpoint on a certain smaller point (but not in the larger argument). | ![]() | 9 |
6934546496 | Connotation | The implied meaning of a word; words can broadly have positive, negative, or neutral connotations. | ![]() | 10 |
6934552114 | Context | The extra-textual environment in which the text is being delivered. | ![]() | 11 |
6934554297 | Counterargument | The argument(s) against the author's position. | ![]() | 12 |
6934559405 | Deductive reasoning | A form of logical reasoning wherein a general principle is applied to a specific case. | ![]() | 13 |
6934561595 | Denotation | The literal, dictionary-definition meaning of a word. | ![]() | 14 |
6934564929 | Diction | The style of language used; generally tailored to be appropriate to the audience and situation. | ![]() | 15 |
7175090240 | Didactic | A text with an instructive purpose, often moral. | ![]() | 16 |
6934568059 | Ethos | Setting up a source as credible and trustworthy. | ![]() | 17 |
7175092217 | Euphemism | Referring to something with a veiled phrase instead of saying it directly | ![]() | 18 |
6934569580 | Evidence | Setting up a source as credible and trustworthy. | ![]() | 19 |
7175095899 | Exemplification | Providing examples in service of a point. | ![]() | 20 |
6934577240 | Figurative language | The use of language in a non-literal way; i.e. metaphor, simile, etc. | ![]() | 21 |
6934579304 | Genre | The specific type of work being presented. | ![]() | 22 |
7175097934 | Hyperbole | Overstating a situation for humorous or dramatic effect. | ![]() | 23 |
7175107373 | Idiom | A commonly used phrase that signifies something very different than its literal meaning. | ![]() | 24 |
6934582335 | Imagery | Any descriptive language used to evoke a vivid sense or image of something; includes figurative language. | ![]() | 25 |
6934584839 | Implication | When something is suggested without being concretely stated. | ![]() | 26 |
6934589650 | Inductive reasoning | Making a generalization based on specific evidence at hand. | ![]() | 27 |
6934590729 | Irony | At the most basic sense, saying the opposite of what you mean; also used to describe situations in which the results of an action are dramatically different than intended. | ![]() | 28 |
6934593114 | Juxtaposition | Placing two very different things together for effect. | ![]() | 29 |
6934594523 | Logos | Appealing to someone's sense of concrete facts and logic. | ![]() | 30 |
6934596712 | Occasion | The reason or moment for writing or speaking. (e.g. a poet writing a poem about death after the death of a loved one) | ![]() | 31 |
7175109069 | Onomatopoeia | Using "sound-effect" words (e.g. "clap," "buzz). | ![]() | 32 |
6934603425 | Organization | How the different parts of an argument are arranged in a piece of writing or speech. | ![]() | 33 |
7175110230 | Paradox | A phrase or assertion that appears to contradict itself (but the contradiction itself may have its own meaning). | ![]() | 34 |
7175113992 | Parallelism | Repeated structural elements in a sentence. (e.g. "We went to sea; we went to war; we went to bed.") | ![]() | 35 |
7175114848 | Parody | Using the form of something to mimic and make fun of it. | ![]() | 36 |
6934605846 | Pathos | An Aristotelian appeal. Involves appealing to someone's emotions. | ![]() | 37 |
7175116653 | Personification | Giving human characteristics to a nonhuman object or idea. | ![]() | 38 |
6934608296 | Purpose | The authors persuasive intention. | ![]() | 39 |
6934613670 | Repetition | Re-using a word or phrase repeatedly for effect or emphasis. | ![]() | 40 |
7175038956 | Rhetoric | The use of spoken or written word (or a visual medium) to convey your ideas and convince an audience. | ![]() | 41 |
7175040302 | Rhetorical Triangle | The relationship between the author, the audience, the text/message, and the context. | ![]() | 42 |
7175117730 | Sarcasm | Mockingly stating the opposite of what you mean. Easier to convey in the spoken word than via writing. | ![]() | 43 |
7175119500 | Satire | A genre of humorous and mocking criticism to expose the ignorance and/or ills of society. | ![]() | 44 |
7175075392 | Speaker | The persona adopted by the author to deliver his or her message; may or may not actually be the same person as the author. | ![]() | 45 |
7175076097 | Style | The author's own personal approach to rhetoric in the piece; similar to voice. | ![]() | 46 |
7175076448 | Symbolism | Using a symbol to refer to an idea or concept. | ![]() | 47 |
7175120089 | Synecdoche | Referring to one part of something as a way to refer to the whole. | ![]() | 48 |
7175077435 | Syntax | The way sentences are grammatically constructed. | ![]() | 49 |
7175078017 | Synthesis | Combining sources or ideas in a coherent way in the purpose of a larger point. | ![]() | 50 |
7175078568 | Themes | Overarching ideas or driving premises of a work. | ![]() | 51 |
7175079293 | Tone | The use of stylistic devices to reveal an author's attitude toward a subject. | ![]() | 52 |
7175122196 | Understatement | Deliberately minimizing something, usually for humorous effect. | ![]() | 53 |
7175079849 | Voice | An author's unique sound. Similar to style. | ![]() | 54 |
AP English Language and Composition Flashcards
Primary tabs
Need Help?
We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.
For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.
If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.
Need Notes?
While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!