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AP English Language and Composition Flashcards

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6926056982AlliterationUsing words with the same first letter repeatedly close together in a phrase or sentence.0
7175083665AllusionMaking a brief reference to the cultural canon—e.g. the Bible, Shakespeare, classical mythology, etc.1
7175080929AnalogyExplaining something complex by comparing it to something more simple.2
7175085406AnecdoteOffering a brief narrative episode. This device can serve many functions in a text—for example, introducing an issue, serving as evidence, to illustrate a point, and so on.3
6926075870ArgumentThe combination of reasons, evidence, etc that an author uses to convince an audience of their position.4
6934518740Aristotelian appealsThree different methods of appealing to an audience to convince them—ethos, logos, and pathos.5
6934523785AttitudeThe writer's personal views or feelings about the subject at hand.6
6934540991AudienceWho the author is directing his or her message towards.7
6934543943Compare and contrastDiscussing the similarities and differences between two things to some persuasive or illustrative purpose.8
7175088634ConcessionAgreeing with the opposing viewpoint on a certain smaller point (but not in the larger argument).9
6934546496ConnotationThe implied meaning of a word; words can broadly have positive, negative, or neutral connotations.10
6934552114ContextThe extra-textual environment in which the text is being delivered.11
6934554297CounterargumentThe argument(s) against the author's position.12
6934559405Deductive reasoningA form of logical reasoning wherein a general principle is applied to a specific case.13
6934561595DenotationThe literal, dictionary-definition meaning of a word.14
6934564929DictionThe style of language used; generally tailored to be appropriate to the audience and situation.15
7175090240DidacticA text with an instructive purpose, often moral.16
6934568059EthosSetting up a source as credible and trustworthy.17
7175092217EuphemismReferring to something with a veiled phrase instead of saying it directly18
6934569580EvidenceSetting up a source as credible and trustworthy.19
7175095899ExemplificationProviding examples in service of a point.20
6934577240Figurative languageThe use of language in a non-literal way; i.e. metaphor, simile, etc.21
6934579304GenreThe specific type of work being presented.22
7175097934HyperboleOverstating a situation for humorous or dramatic effect.23
7175107373IdiomA commonly used phrase that signifies something very different than its literal meaning.24
6934582335ImageryAny descriptive language used to evoke a vivid sense or image of something; includes figurative language.25
6934584839ImplicationWhen something is suggested without being concretely stated.26
6934589650Inductive reasoningMaking a generalization based on specific evidence at hand.27
6934590729IronyAt the most basic sense, saying the opposite of what you mean; also used to describe situations in which the results of an action are dramatically different than intended.28
6934593114JuxtapositionPlacing two very different things together for effect.29
6934594523LogosAppealing to someone's sense of concrete facts and logic.30
6934596712OccasionThe reason or moment for writing or speaking. (e.g. a poet writing a poem about death after the death of a loved one)31
7175109069OnomatopoeiaUsing "sound-effect" words (e.g. "clap," "buzz).32
6934603425OrganizationHow the different parts of an argument are arranged in a piece of writing or speech.33
7175110230ParadoxA phrase or assertion that appears to contradict itself (but the contradiction itself may have its own meaning).34
7175113992ParallelismRepeated structural elements in a sentence. (e.g. "We went to sea; we went to war; we went to bed.")35
7175114848ParodyUsing the form of something to mimic and make fun of it.36
6934605846PathosAn Aristotelian appeal. Involves appealing to someone's emotions.37
7175116653PersonificationGiving human characteristics to a nonhuman object or idea.38
6934608296PurposeThe authors persuasive intention.39
6934613670RepetitionRe-using a word or phrase repeatedly for effect or emphasis.40
7175038956RhetoricThe use of spoken or written word (or a visual medium) to convey your ideas and convince an audience.41
7175040302Rhetorical TriangleThe relationship between the author, the audience, the text/message, and the context.42
7175117730SarcasmMockingly stating the opposite of what you mean. Easier to convey in the spoken word than via writing.43
7175119500SatireA genre of humorous and mocking criticism to expose the ignorance and/or ills of society.44
7175075392SpeakerThe persona adopted by the author to deliver his or her message; may or may not actually be the same person as the author.45
7175076097StyleThe author's own personal approach to rhetoric in the piece; similar to voice.46
7175076448SymbolismUsing a symbol to refer to an idea or concept.47
7175120089SynecdocheReferring to one part of something as a way to refer to the whole.48
7175077435SyntaxThe way sentences are grammatically constructed.49
7175078017SynthesisCombining sources or ideas in a coherent way in the purpose of a larger point.50
7175078568ThemesOverarching ideas or driving premises of a work.51
7175079293ToneThe use of stylistic devices to reveal an author's attitude toward a subject.52
7175122196UnderstatementDeliberately minimizing something, usually for humorous effect.53
7175079849VoiceAn author's unique sound. Similar to style.54

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