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AP English Language & Composition Flashcards

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14535920842abashto make ashamed; to embarrass0
14535920843abate(v.) to make less in amount, degree, etc.; to subside, become less; to nullify; to deduct, omit1
14535920844abominableHorrible or unpleasant2
14553993962abridgeto make shorter3
14553993963abstainto choose not to do something4
14553993964abut(v.) to join at one end or be next to; to support, prop up5
14553993965accentuateto emphasize6
14553993966accostto approach and speak to first; to confront in a challenging or aggressive way7
14553993967acquiesce(v.) to accept without protest; to agree or submit8
14553993968acquisitionIn classical conditioning, the initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response. In operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response.9
14553993969adamantunyielding; firm in opinion10
14553993970affablefriendly11
14553993971affinityan attraction to12
14553993972affluentwealthy13
14553993973Allegorya story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.14
14553993974alleviateto relieve15
14553993975allure(v.) to entice, tempt; to be attractive to; (n.) a strong attraction; the power to attract, charm16
14553993976altercationan angry argument17
14553993977ambiguousopen to more than one interpretation18
14553993978ambivalentHaving mixed feelings19
14553993979anagrama word or phrase formed from another word or phrase by changing the order of the letters20
14553993980anecdotea short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person21
14553993981antagonizeto annoy or provoke to anger22
14553993982appraisalan evaluation of the emotion-relevant aspects of a stimulus23
14553993983appriseto inform24
14553993984arablesuitable for growing crops25
14553993985arbitrary(adj.) unreasonable; based on one's wishes or whims without regard for reason or fairness26
14553993986archivespublic records; place where public records are kept27
14553993987arduoushard to do, requiring much effort28
14553993988arrayA large group of people or things29
14553993989askewtwisted to one side, crooked; disapprovingly30
14553993990assailattack31
14553993991assayto test, analyze32
14553993992assertiona declaration or statement33
14553993993attritiona wearing down over time34
14553993994audacious(adj.) bold, adventurous, recklessly daring35
14553993995augmentto make larger, increase36
14553993996auspiciousfavorable37
14553993997austere(adj.) severe or stern in manner; without adornment or luxury, simple, plain; harsh or sour in flavor38
14553993998autocratdictator39
14553993999balefulharmful40
14553994000bandyto exchange words; to discuss casually41
14553994001banterteasing; playful conversation42
14553994002beleaguerto besiege by encircling (as with an army); to harass43
14553994003beneficent(adj.) performing acts of kindness or charity; conferring benefits, doing good44
14553994004bestowto give as a gift45
14553994005betrothedengaged to be married46
14553994006bilateralboth sides47
14553994007blithecheerful, lighthearted; casual, unconcerned48
14553994008bolsterto support49
14553994009brevityshortness50
14553994010browbeatto intimidate by a stern or overbearing manner; to bully51
14553994011brunt(n.) the main impact, force, or burden52
14553994012brusque(adj.) abrupt, blunt, with no formalities53
14553994013bulwarka defensive wall54
14553994014bumptiousself-assertive55
14553994015BureaucracyA large, complex organization composed of appointed officials56
14553994016camaraderietrust among friends57
14553994017Catharsisa release of emotional tension58
14553994018cedeto go59
14553994019chagrinembarrassment; a complete loss of courage60
14553994020citequote61
14553994021climacticarranged in order of increasing force and interest62
14553994022coalitiona combination, union, or merger for some specific purpose63
14553994023coherent(adj.) holding or sticking together; making a logical whole; comprehensible, meaningful64
14553994024comelyhaving a pleasing appearance65
14553994025comprehensivethorough66
14553994026concertedplanned or performed in cooperation with others67
14553994027congenitalexisting at birth68
14553994028conjectureto guess69
14553994029Connotationan idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.70
14553994030consensusgeneral agreement71
14553994031consonantharmonious agreement72
14553994032contraband(n.) illegal traffic, smuggled goods; (adj.) illegal, prohibited73
14553994033contritiondeep regret for doing something wrong74
14553994034convivialfestive, sociable, having fun together, genial75
14553994035correlatehave a mutual relationship or connection76
14553994036credencebelief, mental acceptance77
14553994037debaclea complete failure; a total collapse78
14553994038debonair(adj.) pleasant, courteous, lighthearted; smooth and polished in manner and appearance79
14553994039decadence(n.) decline, decay, or deterioration; a condition or period of decline or decay; excessive self-indulgence80
14553994040deferenceto respect81
14553994041defileto pollute; to corrupt82
14553994042degenerateto break down; to deteriorate83
14553994043deignto lower oneself before an inferior84
14553994044delugeflood85
14553994045demeanorbehavior86
14553994046deprecateto express disapproval of87
14553994047derogatoryshowing a critical or disrespectful attitude88
14553994048despicable(adj.) worthy of scorn, contemptible89
14553994049dissipate(v.) to cause to disappear; to scatter, dispel; to spend foolishly, squander; to be extravagant in pursuit of pleasure90
14553994050dissoluteloose in one's morals or behavior91
14553994051divergeto vary; go in different directions from the same point92
14553994052effeteworn out; barren93
14553994053efficaciouseffective, producing results94
14553994054elationExcited feelings of pride, triumph, or happiness95
14553994055embellishto decorate96
14553994056emendationa correction97
14553994057encroach(v.) to advance beyond the usual or proper limits, trespass98
14553994058enormity(n.) the quality of exceeding all moral bounds; an exceedingly evil act; huge size, immensity99
14553994059enthrall(v.) to captivate, charm, hold spellbound; to enslave; to imprison100
14553994060entityanything having existence, either physical or mystical101
14553994061entomologystudy of insects102
14553994075entouragegroup of attendants103
14553994076epicuresomeone who appreciates good food and drink104
14553994077epilougea concluding section of a book or play, usually adressed to an audience105
14553994078Epithetan adjective or descriptive phrase expressing a quality characteristic of the person or thing mentioned.106
14553994079equestrianhaving to do with horseback riding107
14553994080erroneous(adj.) incorrect, containing mistakes108
14553994081evasivedeliberately vague or ambiguous109
14553994082evoketo summon forth110
14553994083exhaustivethorough111
14553994084Exodusa large-scale departure or flight112
14553994085exonerateto free from blame113
14553994086expediteto make easy, cause to progress faster114
14553994087expletivean interjection to lend emphasis; sometimes, a profanity115
14553994088extemporaneousmade or delivered on the spur of the moment116
14553994089factionA group with a distinct political interest117
14553994090factiouscausing disagreement118
14553994091falliblecapable of error119
14553994092fastidiousDifficult to please120
14553994093felictious(adj.) appropriate, apt, well chosen; marked by well-being or good fortune, happy121
14553994094FelonyA serious crime122
14553994095ferocitysavagery123
14553994096fidelityfaithfulness124
14553994097filialof, relating to, or befitting a son or daughter125
14553994098finalitythe quality or condition of being complete or settled; conclusiveness126
14553994099Fiorda long, narrow inlet of the sea, with steep cliffs rising alongside127
14553994100flailto strike out or swing wildly; to thrash about128
14553994101flauntto show off129
14553994102flayto whip; to remove skin130
14553994103foreshadowA narrative device that hints at coming events; often builds suspense or anxiety in the reader.131
14553994104forgo(v.) to do without, abstain from, give up132
14553994105forteloud133
14553994106frustrateto prevent from accomplishing a purpose or fulfilling a desire; to cause feelings of discouragement134
14553994107fulminateto loudly attack or denounce135
14553994108furoran uproar; a state of great anger or excitement136
14553994109furtivesecretive137
14553994110garruloustalkative138
14553994111gibeto utter taunting words; an expression of scorn139
14553994112girdto prepare for an event or an action140
14553994113goad(v.) to drive or urge on; (n.) something used to drive or urge on141
14553994114gradationprocess occurring by regular degrees or stages; variation in color142
14553994115grandoiseimpressive; showy; magnificent143
14553994116guisean external appearance, cover, mask144
14553994117haggard(adj.) thin, pale, and careworn as a result of worry or suffering; wild-looking145
14553994118heinous(adj.) very wicked, offensive, hateful146
14553994119hypercriticalovercritical147
14553994120hypochondriaca person obsessed with health; having imaginary illnesses148
14553994121idiomaticcharacteristic of a particular language149
14553994122idylla lyric poem or passage that describes a kind of ideal life or place150
14553994123imbibeto drink151
14553994124immemorialreaching back beyond the bounds of memory; extremely old152
14553994125imperious(adj.) overbearing, arrogant; seeking to dominate; pressing, compelling153
14553994126impetuousimpulsive154
14553994127impromptuwithout preparation155
14553994128impunityfreedom from punishment156
14553994129inane(adj.) silly, empty of meaning or value157
14553994130incisecut into158
14553994131incoherentnot able to be understood; nonsensical159
14553994132incongruousout of place160
14553994133incredulousdisbelieving, skeptical161
14553994134indigenousnative162
14553994135indolencelaziness163
14553994136inexplicablehard to explain or impossible to understand164
14553994137inferto find out by reasoning; to arrive at a conclusion on the basis of thought; to hint, suggest, imply165
14553994138ingratiate(v.) to make oneself agreeable and thus gain favor or acceptance by others (sometimes used in a critical or derogatory sense)166
14553994139inherentExisting as a natural part167
14553994140innocuousharmless168
14553994141insatiableso great or demanding as not to be satisfied169
14553994142insidiousintended to deceive or entrap; sly, treacherous170
14553994143insular(adj.) relating to, characteristic of, or situated on an island; narrow or isolated in outlook or experience171
14553994144intangiblenot material172
14553994145integralessential173
14553994146interminableendless174
14553994147interposeto step in between parties at variance; mediate175
14553994148intrepidfearless176
14553994149Intricarycondition or state of being complex, involved, or detailed; elaborateness177
14553994150intrinsic(adj.) belonging to someone or something by its very nature, essential, inherent; originating in a bodily organ or part178
14553994151introspectivecontemplating one's own thoughts and feelings179
14553994152inure(v.) to toughen, harden; to render used to something by long subjection or exposure180
14553994153invidiousoffensive, hateful; tending to cause bitterness and resentment181
14553994154invoketo call on for support182
14553994155irascibleeasily angered183
14553994156laudableworthy of praise184
14553994157lucideasy to understand, clear; rational, sane185
14553994158lucrativebringing in money; profitable186
14554030754malevolentspiteful, showing ill will187
14554030755MartyrA person who is killed because of their religious or other beliefs188
14554030756mercenarya professional soldier hired by a foreign army189
14554030757microcosma miniature world or universe; a group or system viewed as the model of a larger group or system190
14554030758misanthrope(n.) a person who hates or despises people191
14554030759miscreantevil unbeliever192
14554030760noncommittalnot decisive or definite; unwilling to take a clear position or to say yes or no193
14554030761nostalgiclonging for the past194
14554030762novicebeginner195
14554030763nurture(v.) to bring up, care for, train, nourish; (n.) rearing, training, upbringing196
14554030764omnivorouseating every kind of food; eagerly taking in everything, having a wide variety of tastes197
14554030765oracularprophetic; uttered as if with divine authority; mysterious or ambiguous198
14554030766orientto locate199
14554030767oscillate(v.) to swing back and forth with a steady rhythm; to fluctuate or waver200
14554030768ostentatiousshowy201
14554030769palliateto make less serious; ease202
14554030770panaceaa remedy for all ills; cure-all; an answer to all problems203
14554030771peripheralon the edge, not important204
14554030772permeate(v.) to spread through, penetrate, soak through205
14554030773pernicious(adj.) extremely harmful; deadly, fatal206
14554030774perpetuateto make permanent or long lasting207
14554030775PhalanxA military formation of foot soldiers armed with spears and shields208
14554030776platitudea commonplace, stale, or trite remark209
14554030777plebeian(adj.) common, vulgar; belonging to the lower class; (n.) a common person, member of the lower class210
14554030778politic(adj.) prudent, shrewdly conceived and developed; artful, expedient211
14554030779populacecommon people212
14554030780precipitateA solid that forms from a solution during a chemical reaction.213
14554030781predecessorone who came before214
14554030782preemptoryto take the place of; displace, to have precedence or predominance over215
14554030783premeditatedconsidered beforehand, deliberately planned216
14554030784preseumptuousfailing to observe the limits of what is permitted or inappropriate217
14554575893pretentiouspompous, self-important218
14554575894proboscisnose219
14554575895procrastinate(v.) to delay, put off until later220
14554575896prodigyA person with great talent; a young genius221
14554575897proficientskilled, expert, or capable in any field or activity222
14554575898proletarianmember of the working class223
14554575899PrologueA speech, passage, or event coming before the main speech or event224
14554575900propagatereproduce225
14554575901protagainstMain character in a story226
14554575902prototypea mental image or best example of a category227
14554575903protractto prolong228
14554575904provocationcausing aggravation or annoyance229
14554575905provocative(adj.) tending to produce a strong feeling or response; arousing desire or appetite; irritating, annoying230
14554575906proxy(n.) an agent, substitute; a written permission allowing one person to act in another's place231
14554575907purpot(v.) - to present an intention that is often FALSE232
14554575908queryquestion233
14554575909quixoticoverly idealistic; impractical234
14554575910rapaciousgreedy235
14554575911rationalizeto make an excuse for236
14554575912recalcitrantstubbornly disobedient, resisting authority237
14554575913reciprocateto give in return238
14554575914recriminationan accusation in response to one from someone else239
14554575915redressto set right, remedy; relief from wrong or injury240
14554575916reiterateto say again, repeat241
14554575917relentto become less severe; to give in242
14554575918remissionimprovement or absence of signs of disease243
14554575919reparteea quick, witty reply244
14554575920Repressionin psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories245
14554575921repugnant(adj.) offensive, disagreeable, distasteful246
14554575922resilient(adj.) able to return to an original shape or form; able to recover quickly247
14554575923rhetoricalrelating to speech that is used to persuade or have some effect; insincere in expression248
14554575924rigorousstrict; harsh; severe249
14554575925rudimenta basic idea or principle250
14554575926sallowyellowish251
14554575927sanctionauthorize252
14554575928satitateto satisfy completely253
14554575929scapegoat(n.) a person or thing carrying the blame for others254
14554575930scrutinizeto examine closely255
14554575931SecularNon-religious256
14554575932shibboleth(n.) a word, expression, or custom that distinguishes a particular group of persons from all others; a commonplace saying or truism257
14554575933shrewa mean, nagging woman258
14554575934sluiceto drain259
14554575935SolsticeTime when the Sun is farthest from the equator.260
14554575936somnolentsleepy261
14554575937sortiea sudden attack by troops from a defensive position; a single mission of a lone airplane against an enemy262
14554575938staunchFirm and steadfast263
14554575939stereotypeA generalized belief about a group of people264
14554575940stigmamark of disgrace265
14554575941stint(v.) to limit, be sparing or frugal; (n.) a limit or restriction; a fixed share of work or duty; a period of activity266
14554575942stipendfixed salary267
14554575943stoicA person who can endure pain or hardship without showing their feelings or complaining.268
14554575944subservient(adj.) subordinate in capacity or role; submissively obedient; serving to promote some end269
14554575945subsidewear off or die down270
14554575946subterfugean excuse or trick for escaping or hiding something271
14554575947superciliousproud and contemptuous; showing scorn because of a feeling of superiority272
14554575948supplicationthe action of asking or begging for something earnestly or humbly273
14554575949surmiseto guess274
14554575950symposiumconference275
14554575951synchronizeto cause to happen at the same time276
14554575952syndicatea gathering of people with a common interest277
14554575953taint(n.) a stain or spot; a mark of corruption or dishonor; (v.) to stain or contaminate278
14554575954tawdry(adj.) showy and flashy but lacking in good taste279
14554575955tenacitypersistence280
14554575956tepidlukewarm; unenthusiastic, marked by an absence of interest281
14554575957tersebrief and to the point282
14554575958thwart(v.) to oppose successfully; to prevent, frustrate283
14554575959transient(adj.) lasting only a short time, fleeting; (n.) one who stays only a short time284
14554575960ulteriorlying beyond what is evident, revealed, or claimed285
14554575961undermineto weaken286
14554575962unremitting(adj.) not stopping, maintained steadily, never letting up, relentless287
14554575963usurpto seize and hold a position by force or without right288
14554575964vanquishto defeat289
14554575965vegetatelead a dull, inactive, useless life290
14554575966verbosewordy291
14554575967VernacularEveryday language of ordinary people292
14554575968vilifyslander293
14554575969vivaciouslively294
14554575970vogueprevailing fashion or practice295
14554575971waive(v.) to do without, give up voluntarily; to put off temporarily, defer296
14554575972wily(adj.) sly, shrewd, cunning297
14554575973wistfulhaving or showing a feeling of vague or regretful longing298
14554575974wrestto take by force299

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