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AP English Language - Essential Terms. Flashcards

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14475533313AbstractRefers to words that cannot connect to any of the five senses.0
14475534737ConcreteRefers to words that can connect to any of the five senses.1
14475534738AllusionAn expression that refers to an object or idea indirectly and inexplicitly.2
14475534739AmbiguityAllows an object, idea, or word to have more than one interpretation.3
14475536242AnalogyThe comparison of two things used to clarify or explain something; a similarity.4
14475546557AnastropheA figure of speech where the normal word order (subject-verb-object) is changed.5
14475546558AnecdoteA brief story or recount regarding a real-life occurrence.6
14475546559AnalysisThe examination of a structure used to understand its context and features.7
14475546590AntithesisA figure of speech used to contrast two opposite objects at the same time.8
14475549186Appeal(AKA rhetorical persuasion) Is used to convince the audience in different ways.9
14475557656AphorismA short and memorable expression to remember a general principle.10
14475558728AudienceThe person/people someone is writing or speaking for.11
14475558729BiasRemains one-sided and leans towards one particular side in a closed-minded manner.12
14475558730SlantingWords used to convince an audience in an emotional manner.13
14475559571CacophonyFocuses on harsher sounds, mainly consonant-based.14
14475559572EuphonyFocuses on lovelier sounds and more sweet-sounding elements.15
14475567499ColloquialismA style mainly used for everyday communication; the most common style used.16
14475567500CompareTo show how two or more things are similar.17
14475567501ContrastTo show how two or more things are different.18
14475568280ConcessionA rhetorical strategy that takes an opposing point and uses it to change the opponent's mind.19
14475568281ConnotationDescribes the implication a word carries that is far from what it clearly represents.20
14475568773DenotationDescribes the literal meaning a word carries that contrasts from its connotative meaning.21
14475576682DeductionInvolves reasoning going from a wider range to a more specific idea.22
14475576683SyllogismIs connected to deductive reasoning and has two premises (major and minor) along with a conclusion.23
14475576684DialectDescribes the language spoken by a given group.24
14475578186DialogueDescribes a conversation between two or more characters in a piece of writing.25
14475578187DictionAn author's choice of words or vocabulary in a piece of writing or speaking.26
14475578188DigressionA technique where the subject of something is shifted for a brief moment.27
14475646596EpigraphA phrase or something similar that is placed at the beginning of a document or other piece of writing.28
14475646597EquivocationA literary strategy used to show that you actually mean the opposite of what you are saying.29
14475647127EthosA persuasive strategy that focuses on credibility.30
14475647128EuphemismAn expression used to replace another that may be found as offensive or unpleasant to an audience.31
14475647129EvaluationDescribes a set of judgments used on a piece of writing to determine if it meets specific criteria.32
14475656536ExigenceAn issue that prompts a piece of writing to come alive.33
14475656537ExemplificationA symbolization technique where something is seen as having a relation to what it is referring to.34
14475657054ExplicitDescribes when something is clearly or directly being explained, leaving no room for confusion or implication.35
14475657055ImplicitDescribes when something is not being clearly or directly explained and there are various suggestions within the words being used.36
14475657056FallacyThe misuse of reasoning; a use of invalid reasoning.37
14475664746Format, Organization, Sequence, StructureThe four words that describe the arrangement of ideas or details in a piece of writing.38
14475668659IronyA technique where what is occurring differs from what is actually the case.39
14475668660JargonSpecial words that are used by a particular group that only they can understand.40
14475668661JuxtapositionThe technique of placing two things together that have contrasting effects.41
14475669075LogosA persuasive strategy that focuses on factual information and statistics.42
14475669076MoodAn element of writing that sparks various emotions in the readers through whatever the writer is describing.43
14475675213OverstatementWhen you claim something is greater than it actually is to make it more important.44
14475675214UnderstatementWhen you claim something to be less important than it actually is.45
14475675215OxymoronA technique using self-contradiction to introduce another point.46
14475675852ParadoxA self-contradictory statement that may be proven correct when explained.47
14475675853ParallelismThe use of more than one phrase consecutively with the same structure.48
14475683107PathosA persuasive strategy that focuses on appealing to the emotions of the audience.49
14475683108Process AnalysisA paragraph technique where a writer describes how to perform an action step-by-step.50
14475683109PurposeThe goal of a piece of writing that a writer is trying to achieve.51
14475683621QualifyTo claim a statement or piece of evidence is correct.52
14475724169RebutTo prove that a piece of evidence is false.53
14475724170RefuteTo disprove a statement.54
14475724171RhetoricThe ability to argue and persuade an audience.55
14475724749Rhetorical DeviceA use of language used to affect the audience of a piece of writing.56
14475724750Rhetorical ModesDescribe the purposes of the major uses of communication, mainly in speaking and writing.57
14475730122Rhetorical PurposeThe goal to persuade an audience and change the way an audience thinks about a certain subject.58
14475730123Rhetorical ShiftDescribes the change in tone in a piece of writing, often initiated by a transition word.59
14475730124Rhetorical StrategyIs used to give the audience a reason to turn to the side being persuaded about.60
14475730896Rhetorical TriangleOriginated by Aristotle, is used to organize the three persuasive strategies called logos, ethos, and pathos.61
14475730897Rhetorical QuestionIs used to make a point instead of get an answer.62
14475738438SarcasmThe use of irony to mock or taunt something.63
14475738439SatireThe use of irony to expose, ridicule, or criticize various vices and/or follies.64
14475738440SlangA type of language that comes out to be very informal and either include or exclude certain groups.65
14475739628Speaker, Author, RhetorThe three terms that refer to a teacher or orator telling a story or describing a piece of writing within it.66
14475739629StyleDescribes how an author writes.67
14475739630VoiceThe method of expression used by a writer or the style of writing.68
14475748258SymbolA literary device representing many aspects or containing a deeper meaning.69
14475748259SyntaxThe technique of organizing words and phrases to form sentences in a given language.70
14475748273Thesis, Argument, AssertionThe three terms that refer to the statement someone makes when they are describing their strong belief in something.71
14475749271ToneThe attitude the writer possesses towards the subject being written about.72
14475749272TransitionsVarious words and phrases that connect different ideas and help a piece of writing maintain a good flow.73
14475756357ActiveA voice used when a subject is performing an action and expressing it through a verb representing it.74
14475756907PassiveA voice used when an object is being emphasized instead of a subject.75
14475756908AuthorThe creator of a piece of writing.76
14475756909CharacterSomeone or something that moves a story forward.77
14475761562CharacterizationHighlights the details of a character overtime in a story.78
14475814699First PersonRefers to a piece of writing being told by a narrator speaking directly about themselves.79
14475814700Second PersonRefers to the audience or the people being spoken to.80
14475814701Third PersonRefers to anyone other than the narrator or the audience.81
14475814702SubjectiveDescribes a person's point of view, including their opinions and beliefs.82
14475815288ObjectiveDescribes a point of view that focuses on using evidence.83
14475821098ClicheDescribes an expression, opinion, or anything similar that is overused and often predictable, displaying no originality.84
14475821099HyperboleIs used to exaggerate claims that are not meant to be interpreted in a literal sense.85
14475821100IdiomAn expression with a meaning that is often not connected to the actual meanings of the words involved.86
14475821101ImageryDescribes something in a way that is able to be visualized in one's imagination.87
14475822031MetaphorAllows one thing to represent or be portrayed as another thing.88
14475832555MetonymyRefers to something as another thing that is somehow associated with it.89
14475832556SynecdocheRefers to one part of something as the whole, or the whole of something as that one part.90
14475833694OnomatopoeiaForms a word based on any sound that is made.91
14475833695PersonificationGrants human characteristics to an inhuman object.92
14475833696SimileShows that one thing is similar to another thing using words such as "like" or "as" in comparison.93

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