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AP English Language Summer Assignment Flashcards

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6926091795AnalogyExplaining something complex by comparing it to something more simple.0
6926104889ContextThe extra-textual environment in which the text is being delivered.1
6934519916ArgumentThe combination of reasons, evidence, etc that an author uses to convince an audience of their position.2
6934565750Aristotelian AppealsThree different methods of appealing to an audience to convince them—ethos, logos, and pathos.3
6934578206AttitudeThe writer's personal views or feelings about the subject at hand4
6934585210AudienceWho the author is directing his or her message towards.5
6934589596Compare and ContrastDiscussing the similarities and differences between two things to some persuasive or illustrative purpose.6
6934592977ConnotationThe implied meaning of a word; words can broadly have positive, negative, or neutral connotations.7
6934602017CounterargumentThe argument(s) against the author's position.8
6934619042deductive reasoningA form of logical reasoning wherein a general principle is applied to a specific case.9
7188429544denotationThe literal, dictionary-definition meaning of a word.10
7188517840dictionThe style of language used; generally tailored to be appropriate to the audience and situation.11
7188518351ethosSetting up a source as credible and trustworthy.12
7188519776evidenceThe information presented meant to persuade the audience of the author's position.13
7188520218figurative languageThe use of language in a non-literal way; i.e. metaphor, simile, etc.14
7188520531genreThe specific type of work being presented.15
7188523415imageryAny descriptive language used to evoke a vivid sense or image of something; includes figurative language.16
7188528867implicationWhen something is suggested without being concretely stated.17
7188529436inductive reasoningMaking a generalization based on specific evidence at hand.18
7188529842ironyAt the most basic sense, saying the opposite of what you mean; also used to describe situations in which the results of an action are dramatically different than intended.19
7188532581juxtapositionPlacing two very different things together for effect.20
7188533688logosAppealing to someone's sense of concrete facts and logic.21
7188534176occasionThe reason or moment for writing or speaking.22
7188534875organizationHow the different parts of an argument are arranged in a piece of writing or speech.23
7188535392pathosAn Aristotelian appeal. Involves appealing to someone's emotions.24
7188536255purposeThe author's persuasive intention.25
7188536501repetitionRe-using a word or phrase repeatedly for effect or emphasis.26
7188537048rhetoricThe use of spoken or written word (or a visual medium) to convey your ideas and convince an audience.27
7188537393rhetorical triangleThe relationship between the author, the audience, the text/message, and the context.28
7188539266speakerThe persona adopted by the author to deliver his or her message; may or may not actually be the same person as the author.29
7188539919styleThe author's own personal approach to rhetoric in the piece; similar to voice.30
7188540320symbolismUsing a symbol to refer to an idea or concept.31
7188540802syntaxThe way sentences are grammatically constructed.32
7188541685synthesisCombining sources or ideas in a coherent way in the purpose of a larger point.33
7188543176themesOverarching ideas or driving premises of a work.34
7188543569toneThe use of stylistic devices to reveal an author's attitude toward a subject.35
7188544030voiceAn author's unique sound. Similar to style.36
7188544410alliterationUsing words with the same first letter repeatedly close together in a phrase or sentence.37
7188544671allusionMaking a brief reference to the cultural canon—e.g. the Bible, Shakespeare, classical mythology, etc.38
7188545008anecdoteOffering a brief narrative episode. This device can serve many functions in a text—for example, introducing an issue, serving as evidence, to illustrate a point, and so on.39
7188546003concessionAgreeing with the opposing viewpoint on a certain smaller point (but not in the larger argument).40
7188546417didacticA text with an instructive purpose, often moral.41
7188547260euphemismReferring to something with a veiled phrase instead of saying it directly42
7188548458exemplificationProviding examples in service of a point.43
7188548716hyperboleOverstating a situation for humorous or dramatic effect.44
7188549262idiomA commonly used phrase that signifies something very different than its literal meaning.45
7188550812onomatopoeiaUsing "sound-effect" words (e.g. "clap," "buzz).46
7188551562paradoxA phrase or assertion that appears to contradict itself (but the contradiction itself may have its own meaning).47
7188552034parallelismRepeated structural elements in a sentence.48
7188552604parodyUsing the form of something to mimic and make fun of it.49
7188552996personificationGiving human characteristics to a nonhuman object or idea.50
7188556954sarcasmMockingly stating the opposite of what you mean. Easier to convey in the spoken word than via writing.51
7188559925satireA genre of humorous and mocking criticism to expose the ignorance and/or ills of society.52
7188560401synechdoteReferring to one part of something as a way to refer to the whole.53
7188560923understatementDeliberately minimizing something, usually for humorous effect.54

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