AP Notes, Outlines, Study Guides, Vocabulary, Practice Exams and more!

AP Environmental Science Pollution Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
6643084398primary pollutantsan air pollutant emitted directly from a source0
6643084399sulfur oxides (SOx)Primary source is coal burning. Primary and secondary effects include acid deposition, respiratory irritation, plant damage. Reduction methods include: scrubbers, burn low sulfur fuel.1
6643084400nitrogen oxides (NOx)Major source is auto exhaust. Primary and secondary effects include acidification of lakes, respiratory irritation, leads to smog and ozone. Reduced using catalytic converters.2
6643084401CO2automobile exhaust as well as burning of wood and coal. A greenhouse gas3
6643084404point source pollutionPollutants discharged from a single identifiable location (e.g., pipes, ditches, channels, sewers, tunnels, containers of various types).4
6643084405non-point source pollutionpollution that does not have a specific point of release, open,loop recycling,when materials are reused to form new products.5
6643084406criteria pollutantspollutants judged to pose especially great threats to human health (carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, tropospheric ozone, particulate matter and lead)6
6643084408ozonegas that absorbs ultraviolet solar radiation, found in the stratosphere, a zone between 15 and 50 kilometers (9 to 30 miles) above Earth's surface.7
6643084409industrial smog (gray)smog resulting from emissions from industry and other sources of gases produced by the burning of fossil fuels.8
6643084410photochemical smog (brown)A brownish haze that is a mixture of ozone and other chemicals, formed when pollutants react with each other in the presence of sunlight9
6643084411chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)These reduce concentration of ozone in the stratosphere and created the ozone hole, they are responsible for more UVB radiation in the surface of earth10
6643084412ozone lossGreatest in the spring as the chlorine breaks down ozone into O211
6643084413acid precipitationConversion of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides to acids that return to Earth as rain, snow, or fog12
6643084418eutrophicationexcessive richness of nutrients in a lake or other body of water, frequently due to runoff from the land, which causes a dense growth of plant life and death of animal life from lack of oxygen.13
6643084419hypoxic zoneAlso known as Dead Zone --> result of cultural eutrophication and lack of oxygen where fish die.14
6643084420pHThe measure of concentration of H ions in water15
6643084421dissolved oxygenmicroscopic bubbles of gaseous oxygen (O2) that are mixed in water and available to aquatic organisms for respiration (mg/L)16
6643084422turbiditya measure of the cloudiness of water from sediments, microscopic organisms, or pollutants (NTU)17
6643084423BODBiological Oxygen Demand18
6643084424wastewaterany water that has been used by humans. This includes human sewage, water drained from showers, tubs, sinks, dishwashers, washing machines, water from industrial processes, and storm water runoff.19
6643084425physical treatmentin a sewage treatment plant, the initial filtration that is done to remove debris such as stones, sticks, rags, toys, and other objects that were flushed down the toilet.20
6643084427sludgethe solids that remain after the secondary treatment of sewage.21
6643084429gray waterall of the wastewater that drains from washing machines, sinks, dishwashers, tubs or showers and can be reused for non-sanitary purposes22
6643084431noise pollutionany noise that causes stress or has the potential to damage human health.23
9771466029secondary pollutantsconverted to a hazardous form after entering the air and mixing with other air components24
9771494580Carbon monoxide (CO)a colorless, odorless toxic flammable gas formed by incomplete combustion of carbon.25
9771600934FormaldehydeIndoor air pollutant present in furniture, lacquer, and particle board26
9771612612AsbestosA fiber once used in insulation and other materials that can cause respiratory diseases.27
9771615496RadonPollutant from the decay of uranium28
9771627654Particulate matterA mixture of dust, acids, and other chemicals that can be hazardous to human health29
9771652534Lead (Pb)Causes neurological damage. Was in gasoline, paint, and old pipes30
9771662329Mercury PollutionA toxic metal released into the air and water mainly from coal-fired power plants and mining.31
9771677369Volatile organic compoundsOrganic compounds that exist as gases in the air. Most are hydrocarbons.32
9772640165IncinerationThe burning of solid waste that results in air pollution and hazardous materials33
9772662422Sanitary landfillGiant hole in the ground into which most municipal solid waste is dumped34
9772671861Chemical treatmentNeutralizes acidic wastes35
9772681648Methane (CH4)Flammable gas produced by landfills36
9772704183Electrostatic precipitatorsReduce particulate matter37
9772707821Catalytic converterReduces CO and NOx38
9772724692Superfunda US federal government program designed to fund the cleanup of toxic wastes.39

Need Help?

We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.

For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.

If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.

Need Notes?

While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!