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AP Euro Ch. 21 Flashcards

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39352091Jean le Rond D'Alembertcoeditor of the Encyclopedie0
39352092Assignatspaper currency, the French churches were used as collateral -the first French paper currency issued by the General Assembly.1
39352093Bastillemedieval fortress that was converted to a prison stormed by peasants for ammunition during the early stages of the French Revolution2
39352094BourgeoisieComfortable members of the 3rd estate. Basically middle class, wanted the privileges of the nobility and upper clergy.3
39352095Revolutionary CalendarCreated by the National Convention, it was established after the French Revolution; day one was the first day of the French Republic4
39352096Committee of Public SafetyEstablished and led by Robespierre, fixed bread prices and nationalized some businesses. Basically secret police and also controlled the war effort. Instigated the Reign of Terror.5
39352097Conspiracy of EqualsLed by "Gracchus" Babeuf an attempt to renew violent rebellion after the Thermidorean reaction,-communistic in nature.6
39352098ConsulateForm of government which followed the directory -established by Napoleon-ended when Napoleon was crowned emperor.7
39352099National ConventionThe third estate of the Estates General -broke from the Estates because they wanted the Estates to sit as a committee and not as segregated groups.8
39352100DantonLed the Mountains with Robespierre; also executed with Robespierre.9
39352101DavidNapoleon's painter-painted the famous portrait of Napoleon's coronation.10
39352102Declaration of the Rights of ManWritten by the National Convention -declared all men could do anything as long as it did not harm others.11
39352103DirectoryGroup of five men who served as liaisons between Robespierre and the Assembly. Overthrown by Napoleon.12
39352104EncyclopedieCollection of works compiled during the Enlightenment -explained many aspects of society.13
39352105Estates GeneralNot called since 1614; finally called by Louis XVI at the advice of his financial minister -- demanded control over the King's finances; he refused and dismissed them; sat as three segregated groups14
39352106GabelleTax on salt during pre-revolutionary France-included in the Estate's list of grievances.15
39352107GirondistsOne of the two halves of the divided National Convention.16
39352108Great Fearfollowed the storming of the Bastille; people were scared of outlaws and reprisals; fanned flames of rebellion17
39352109Guillotinefast and relatively humane; used for mass executions18
39352110IntendantsCreated by Napoleon-kept watch over their own area of France -allowed Napoleon not to have to worry about petty problems.19
39352111Levee en MasseLaw that obligated all French men between certain ages to enlist in the army.20
39352112Louis XVIKing of France-executed for treason by the National Convention-absolute monarch-husband of Marie Antoinette.21
39352113Marie AntoinetteLouis XVI's wife -executed.22
39352114RobespierreMember of the National Assembly-led the Mountains-began and led the Committee of Public Safety-began the Reign of Terror.23
39352115Sans-culottesPetty laborers and laboring poor-wore pants not knee breeches-became a major political group in revolutionary France.24
39352116Tennis Court OathsTaken by the National Assembly-stated that they would not disband until they had made a new constitution. Met here because they were unable to go to their meeting place.25
39352117First EstateClergy.26
39352118Second EstateNobility27
39352119Third EstateArtisans etc. Everyone not in the First or Second Estate.28
39352120Thermidorean ReactionA reaction against the violence of the Reign of Terror. Robespierre was executed.29
39352121Ancient RegimeThe old order before the Revolution in France30
39352122RegicideThe killing of the king31
39352123VersaillesSite of palace outside Paris. Women marched there to demand action from Louis XVI.32
39352124Mary WollstonecraftWrote Vindication of the Rights of Man and A Vindication of the Rights of Women.33
39352125Berlin Decree1806-issued by Napoleon, instituted the Continental System, in the response to British blockade of commercial ports under French control.34
39352126Joseph BonaparteNapoleon's brother, made king of Spain but unable to control the Spanish which led to the costly Peninsula War.35
39352127Confederation of the RhineLeague of German States organized by Napoleon in 1813 after defeating the Austrians at Austerlitz. The league collapsed after Napoleon's defeat in Russia.36
39352128Continental System(1806-12)French economic plan to cripple Britain. Russia's refusal to conform led to the Russian campaign.37
39352129The Grand ArmyCombined French armies under Napoleon. Virtually destroyed during Napoleon's ill-fated Russian campaign.38
39352130Louis XVIII(1814-24) tried to issue a Constitutional Charter which accepted many revolutionary changes and guaranteed civil liberties39
39352131Napoleonic CodePassed by Napoleon. Took away many of the rights gained by women, aimed at reestablishing the "family monarchy". Modified after Napoleon's defeat.40
39352132Peninsula WarFrance was forced to invade Spain after the failure of Joseph Bonaparte. Very costly for Napoleon. The Duke of Wellington helped the Spanish.41
39352133PlebisciteA vote of the people.42
39352134Rosetta StoneFound by one of Napoleon's officers during the Egyptian campaign. Allowed people to decipher hieroglyphics.43
39352135TalleyrandFrench representative at the Congress of Vienna and limited the demands of other countries upon the French.44
39352136Saint HelenaSouth Atlantic island. Napoleon's final home after the Battle of Waterloo.45
39352137Trafalgar(October 1805) Britain's Admiral Nelson destroyed the combined French and Spanish navies. Nelson was killed but invasion of Britain now became impossible.46
39352138MetternichAustrian foreign minister who basically controlled the Congress of Vienna. Wanted to promote peace, conservatism, and the repression of liberal nationalism throughout Europe.47
39352139CastlereaghBritish representative at Congress of Vienna.48
39352140The Hundred DaysThe time from Napoleon's return from exile on Elba to defeat at Waterloo.49

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