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| 439589801 | Alberti, Leon Battista | Wrote a theory of architecture that summed up the Renaissance ideal of perfection. | |
| 439589802 | Brunelleschi, Filippo | Architect who built the dome entering into Florence (Duomo). | |
| 439589803 | Bruni, Leonardo | Italian humanist, historian and statesman, who was chancellor of Florence. He has been called the first modern historian. | |
| 439589804 | Burgundians | Part of French Royal house but built own armies, conquered land for themselves, and commanded a lot of loyalty. | |
| 439589805 | Castiglione, Baldassare | Wrote The Courtier, and etiquette book. | |
| 439589806 | city-state | Flourishing cities that dominated the political and economic life of the surrounding countryside. | |
| 439589807 | The Courtier | Etiquette book that explained how a man showed be well-mannered and know music, art, and dance. He must also be physically strong. | |
| 439589808 | David | 18 foot sculpture by Michelangelo. | |
| 439589809 | doge | Chief executive elected for life by the Senate, a body of nobility. | |
| 439589810 | Durer, Albrecht | German who blended north and south painting styles- did copper engravings and woodcuts as well. | |
| 439589811 | Erasmus, Desiderius | Writer who wrote dialogue and combined classical ideals of humanity and civic virtue with Christian virtues love and piety. | |
| 439589812 | Ferdinand and Isablella | Royal couple that combined Castile and Aragon to form Spain. | |
| 439589813 | Gutenburg, Johann | German goldsmith and printer who invented the first printing press. | |
| 439589814 | heretics | False Believers. | |
| 439589815 | humanism | The interest in the capabilities and accomplishment of individuals. | |
| 439589816 | Inquistion | A tribunal set up originally to monitor the sincerity of former Muslims and Jews who had converted to Christianity. | |
| 439589817 | Italian Renaissance | Beginning of the rebirth of the cultural and artistic side of Europe. | |
| 439589818 | Louis XI | Centralized King power in France and doubled its size when it took over Burgundian lands. | |
| 439589819 | Machiavelli, Niccolo | Wrote "The Prince" where he explained how a good ruler needs to manipulate people. | |
| 439589820 | Medici, Cosimo de' | Head of Medici family-supported by a few patrician families. | |
| 439589821 | Medici Family | Seized control of Florentine political life, building their power on great wealth from banking and manufacture and commerce of textiles. | |
| 439589822 | Medici, Lorenzo de' | Promoted family's great power with his extravagant patronage of the arts. | |
| 439589823 | Mona Lisa | Painting by Leonardo Da Vinci, which is a perfect example of humanist interest. | |
| 439589824 | More, Thomas | Wrote Utopia in which he shows his idea for a perfect society where everyone is absolute equal. | |
| 439589825 | "new monarchs" | Rulers of France, England, and Spain established centralized royal power. | |
| 439589826 | oligarchies | Governments ruled by a few merchant aristocrats from prominent families. | |
| 439589827 | Papal States | City-state of Italy that was ruled by the pope and cardinals. | |
| 439589828 | patriarchs, patriarchies | Male heads of powerful families, societies dominated by men. | |
| 439589829 | perspective | Ability to create an illusory 3-dimensional space on a 2-dimensional surface. | |
| 439589830 | Petrarch | Father of Humanism. | |
| 439589831 | popolo grasso | "Fat People" (Rich). | |
| 439589832 | The Prince | Book telling how political leaders need to be able to manipulate others in order to raise himself and his kingdom up for better. | |
| 439589833 | principalities | Ruled by hereditary despots called signori who had absolute power. | |
| 439589834 | Rapheal | Artist who is famous for The School of Athens, which shows great philosophers and scientists (Plato and Aristotle). | |
| 439589835 | Reconquista | Reconquest. | |
| 439589836 | Reichstag | The main legislature of the German state under the Second and Third Reichs. | |
| 439589837 | Renaissance | Rebirth | |
| 439589838 | "Renaissance Man" | Person who knows a great deal about many things. | |
| 439589839 | republics | Associations of free men who sought complete political and economic independence from local nobles. | |
| 439589840 | rhetoric | Concerned with the art of good speaking and writing. | |
| 439589841 | The School of Athens | Painting by Rapheal that shows great philosophers, including Michelangelo and Leonard Da Vinci as Plato and Aristotle. | |
| 439589842 | scholasticism | The attempt to reconcile the beliefs and values of Christianity with logical reasoning of Greek philosophy. | |
| 439589843 | secularism | Focus on real things in this world and not worrying so much on the next world. | |
| 439589844 | Treaty of Lodi | Strong political alliance between Italian city-states to protect themselves from foreign intruders. | |
| 439589845 | Tudors | New Royal house that emerged when House of York and House of Lancaster intermarried. | |
| 439589846 | Utopia | Book wrote Thomas More, where everyone lives in a perfect society. | |
| 439589847 | Van Eyck, Jan | Dutchman who used early proponents of oil painting on wood or canvas. | |
| 439589848 | Vasari, Giorgio | Italian painter and architect that was the first to use the word renaissance. | |
| 439589849 | vernacular | Spoken tongue. | |
| 439589850 | Vinci, Leonardo da | "Renaissance Man"- great artist, engineer, scientist, and inventor. He created the Mona Lisa. | |
| 439589851 | War of the Roses | War between House of York and House of Lancaster over the throne of England. |
