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| 210346886 | Jacob Burckhardt | 1860 historian, thought Ren. was perfection of individual and birthplace of modern world | |
| 210346887 | Hanseatic League | cities in N. Europe, had monopoly on European trade until 15th cen. | |
| 210346888 | Italian City-States | ruled by wealthy families, controlled land around them | |
| 210346889 | House of Medici | family was primary bank of pope, controlled some trade until expelled by the French in 1494 | |
| 210346890 | Cosimo d'Medici | took over Florence, oldest Medici | |
| 210346891 | Isabella d'Este | "First Lady of the World", educated ruling lady | |
| 210346892 | Castiglione | wrote "Book of the Courtier", thought nobles were bad | |
| 210346893 | Machiavelli | exiled politician who thought leaders should be cruel and ruthless | |
| 210346894 | Humanism | based on classic literature, study of liberal arts and ideal person | |
| 210346895 | Secularism | movement away from the church, worldliness | |
| 210346896 | Individualism | based on human potential and perfecting oneself | |
| 210346897 | L'uomo Universale | the idea of a Ren. man, someone of varied learning | |
| 210346898 | Petrarch | searched for classic manuscripts, thought people should put intellect over friends, father of humanism | |
| 210346899 | Bruni | emphasis on ancient Greece and idealization of Cicero, humanist politician | |
| 210346900 | "Oration on the Dignity of Man" | by Mirandola, humans have potential to be both bad and good | |
| 210346901 | Peace of Lodi | treaty made by Italian city-states | |
| 210346902 | Masaccio | made frescoes in Brancacci chapel, laws of perspective, realistic, math in art | |
| 210346903 | Johannes Gutenberge | invented printing press, which spread Ren. ideas | |
| 210346904 | Movable Type | spread Ren. and reformation ideas through Europe quickly | |
| 210346905 | Lorenzo the Magnificent | part of Medici family, ruled Florence during Ren. | |
| 210346906 | Patronage | paid for art to be made, determined subject of art | |
| 210346907 | Botticelli | made classic art centered around Greek/Roman mythology | |
| 210346908 | Donatello | classic artist, made bronze David (first nude, symbol of victory) | |
| 210346909 | Brunelleschi | classical architect, combined math with art | |
| 210346910 | Leonardo da Vinci | artist who cut up dead bodies to see how they worked, also a classic Ren. man | |
| 210346911 | Raphael | artist who made lots of Madonnas, good perspective and realism | |
| 210346912 | Michelangelo | artist who focused on idealism of human, big David (perfection of body) | |
| 210346913 | Northern Renaissance | concentrated on details rather than perspective in art, happened because of printing press | |
| 210346914 | Jan van Eyck | used oil paints, focused on religious feelings in art | |
| 210346915 | Albrecht Durer | combined N. Ren. and Italian Ren. style in art | |
| 210346916 | New Monarchies | tried to get rid of nobles' power and create strong central gov. | |
| 210346917 | Louis XI | limited power of parliament, persecuted nobles and tried to take their power (Spider King) | |
| 210346918 | War of the Roses | English civil war between Lancaster and York, Tudors got control as result of it | |
| 210346919 | Henry VII | married a York after war of Roses, made nobles get rid of their armies, made commoners have a place in gov. | |
| 210346920 | Ferdinand and Isabella | made a parliament, persecuted Muslims/Jews | |
| 210346921 | Spanish Inquisition | when the authenticity of the Jews who converted to Christianity was questioned | |
| 210346922 | Holy Roman Empire | wasn't successful in centralizing gov. during New Monarchies, too many people against church | |
| 210346923 | Hapsburgs | controlled Holy Roman Empire, used smart marriages instead of wars to gain power | |
| 210346924 | Ivan III | made Moscow its own state, cut ties with Mongols after gaining power | |
| 210346925 | Heresy | thought church should reform, church officials were thought to be corrupt | |
| 210346926 | Jan Hus | was killed for Heresy, started a war with Holy Roman Empire | |
| 210346927 | John Wycliffe | started Lollardy, thought Popes shouldn't have so much power and the Bible should be in every language | |
| 210346928 | Pope Julius II | Pope unliked by some because he was so involved with war | |
| 210346929 | Pope Leo | nepotistic Pope who was a Medici |
