Terms : Hide Images
| 227871696 | Thirty Years War | Religion played an important role in the outbreak; "the last of the religious wars"; fighting German lands of Holy Roman Empire; conflict = European leadership between Bourbon dynasty of France and Habsburg dynasties of Spain and Holy Roman Empire; Bohemian Phase, Danish Phase, Swedish Phase, Franco-Swedish Phase | |
| 227871697 | Protestant Union | a league of German Protestant states - led by Frederick IV, Elector Palatine; rivals: Catholic League of German states | |
| 227871698 | Catholic League of German States | organized by Duke Maximilian of the south German state of Bavaria; ready to fight against Protestant Union in Thirty Years' War | |
| 227871699 | Gustavus Adolphus | Swedish phase (1630-1635) marked the entry of ________ ________, king of Sweden, into the war; responsible for reviving Sweden and making it into a great Baltic power; military genius - brought disciplined & well-equipped Swedish army to northern Germany | |
| 227871700 | Peace of Westphalia | ensured that all German states, including the Calvinist ones, were free to determine their own religion | |
| 227871701 | Absolutism | sovereign power or ultimate authority in the state rested in the hands of a king who claimed to rule by divine right | |
| 227871702 | Divine-Right Monarch | one of chief theorists of ______ ____ ______ - Bishop Jacques Bousset - book: Politics Drawn from the Very Words of the Holy Scripture; argued that government was divinely organized so humans could live in an organized society; God establishes kings = absolute power to king | |
| 227871703 | Cardinal Richelieu | Louis XIII's chief minister from 1624-1642, initiated policies that eventually strengthened the power of the monarchy; eliminated political and military rights of the Huguenots while preserving religion ones = more reliable subjects | |
| 227871704 | Cardinal Mazarin | Richelieu's successor - an Italian who came to France; most important event during his rule = the Fronde; he was disliked by the French population; died 1661 | |
| 227871705 | Louis XIV | promiscuous, fun & games; created a grand & majestic spectacle @ Versailles; "Sun King" = source of light for all his people; policy-making machinery of government part of his home - kept control | |
| 227871706 | Versailles | where the royal court was located; personal household of king + place where subjects came to find favors and offices for themselves & their clients; main area where rival aristocratic factions jostled for power | |
| 227871707 | Edict of Fontainebleau | revoked Edict of Nantes + provided for the destructions of Huguenot churches and the closing of Protestant schools; 200,000 Huguenots defied the prohibition & sought asylum in England, United Provinces, and the German states; Huguenots= skilled artisans - them leaving = weakened French economy | |
| 227871708 | Jean Baptiste Colbert | controller general of finances for Louis XIV; sought to increase wealth and power of France through general adherence to mercantilism: stressed government regulation of economic activities to benefit the state; attempted to improve quality of French manufactured goods | |
| 227871709 | League of Augsburg | Spain, the Holy Roman Empire, United Provinces, Sweden, and England; led to Louis's third war: War of the ______ __ _______ (1689-1697) - 8 year struggle brought economic depression and famine to France | |
| 227871710 | War of the Spanish Succession | Louis's fourth war - over the succession to the Spanish throne; Charles II leaves throne to a grandson of Louis XIV (Philip V); people worried that France and Spain would be wasted in the same dynastic family = destruction of European balance of power; opposed: England, United Provinces, Habsburg Austria | |
| 227871711 | Peace of Utrecht | 1713, ended Louis XIV's attempts to gain military power and land. Marked the end of French expansionist policy. Ended the War of Spanish Succession. |
